Search results for "volcanic degassing"

Validation of a novel Multi-Gas sensor for volcanic HCl alongside H

2016

Volcanic gas emission measurements inform predictions of hazard and atmospheric impacts. For these measurements, Multi-Gas sensors provide low-cost in situ monitoring of gas composition but to date have lacked the ability to detect halogens. Here, two Multi-Gas instruments characterized passive outgassing emissions from Mt. Etna’s (Italy) three summit craters, Voragine (VOR), North-east Crater (NEC) and Bocca Nuova (BN) on 2 October 2013. Signal processing (Sensor Response Model, SRM) approaches are used to analyse H2S/SO2 and HCl/SO2 ratios. A new ability to monitor volcanic HCl using miniature electrochemical sensors is here demonstrated. A “direct-exposure” Multi-Gas instrument contained…

Composition and distribution of volcanic gases inside the Lakki Caldera (Nisyros, Greece): preliminary results

2013

Monitoring SO2 degassing on Stromboli using a permanent UV Camera network

2020

Spatio-temporal changes in degassing behavior at Stromboli volcano derived from two co-exposed SO2 camera stations

2022

Improving volcanic gas monitoring techniques is central to better understanding open-vent, persistently degassing volcanoes. SO2 cameras are increasingly used in volcanic gas studies, but observations are commonly limited to one single camera alone viewing the volcanic plume from a specific viewing direction. Here, we report on high frequency (0.5 Hz) systematic measurements of the SO2 flux at Stromboli, covering a 1-year long observation period (June 2017-June 2018), obtained from two permanent SO2 cameras using the same automated algorithm, but imaging the plume from two different viewing directions. Our aim is to experimentally validate the robustness of automatic SO2 camera for volcano …

High temporal and spatial resolution UV camera measurements at Stromboli: insights on passive SO2 gas emission, Strombolian eruptions, and puffing.

2011

Stromboli is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth, and one of the few where passive degassing persistently coexists with the (non-passive) release of over-pressurized gas pockets during both explosions and gas puffing activity. These transient gas bursting-puffing phenomena are difficult to study by conventional spectroscopic scanning techniques (e.g., DOAS), since these have far too low temporal resolution. Here, we take advantage of the high spatial and time resolution (0.6-1 Hz) of the recently developed UV camera technique to obtain a simultaneous characterisation of all the different forms of SO2 release at Stromboli (including passive degassing, Strombolian eruptions and puffing)…

Vulcamera: a program for measuring volcanic SO2 with UV cameras

2011

UV Cameras for volcanic monitoring

2011

This work, following the field setup of Kantzas et al (2010), with the addition of a single point DOAS telescope, investigated the range of data available utilizing a two camera, dual filter setup and demonstrated its value for future use in the study of degassing volcanic systems.

Terminal Strombolian activity at Etna's central craters during summer 2012: The most CO2-rich volcanic gas ever recorded at Mount Etna

2016

By using a permanent network of multi-component gas analyzer systems (Multi-GAS), we report for the first time the H2O-CO2-SO2 composition of the volcanic gases emitted prior to, during, and after terminal Strombolian activity at Mount Etna's central craters (CCs). We show that the summer 2012 Strombolian episodes of the Bocca Nuova crater (BNC), the largest of Etna's CCs, are associated with the emission of the most CO2-rich gas measured at the volcano thus far. The BNC plume was particularly CO2-rich with CO2/SO2 up to 100, H2O/CO2 1 prevailed at the BNC and at other degassing vents such as Voragine and Northeast craters during Strombolian eruptions. Based on the results of numerical simu…

Exploring the explosive‐effusive transition using permanent ultra‐violet cameras

2017

Understanding the mechanisms that cause effusive eruptions is the key to mitigating their associated hazard. Here we combine results from permanent ultraviolet (UV) cameras, and from other geophysical observations (seismic very long period, thermal, and infrasonic activity), to characterize volcanic SO2 flux regime in the period prior, during, and after Stromboli's August–November 2014 effusive eruption. We show that, in the 2 months prior to effusion onset, the SO2 flux levels are 2 times average level. We explain this anomalously high SO2 regime as primarily determined by venting of rapidly rising, pressurized SO2-rich gas pockets produced by strombolian explosions being more frequent and…

Volcanic gas monitoring of quiescent volcanoes using permanent Multi-GAS networks

2014

The Multi-component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) has recently consolidated as a standard technique for the nearly real-time in-situ observation of major volcanogenic components (H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S,H2) in volcanic gas plumes. The Multi-GAS has been initially operated at open-vent volcanoes, where it has revealed ideal for long-term continuous observations at for instance Etna and Stromboli volcanoes in Italy, therein paving the way to the acquisition of unprecedentedly long and continuous volcanic gas time-series. We here initially review the present state of the expanding network of permanent Multi-GAS instruments, now covering about 10 volcanoes worldwide. We then specifically focus on …