Search results for "vole"

Infanticide and Population Growth in the Bank Vole (Myodes glareolus): The Effect of Male Turnover and Density

2011

One major intrinsic factor affecting recruitment of young into a population is infanticide, the killing of conspecific young by adult males. It occurs in most mammal species, like our study species the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), and is widely accepted as an adaptive behavior, which may increase male fitness via nutritional gain, decreased competition, or an increased access to mates. A turnover of males in a population increases the risk of infanticide owing to a disruption of social structures. In a controlled field study, we tested the effects of total male turnover and density on juvenile recruitment and female space use in experimental bank vole populations. Juvenile recruitment decl…

Life in varying environments: experimental evidence for delayed effects of juvenile environment on adult life history

2011

Summary 1. The effects of environment experienced during early development on phenotype as an adult has started to gain vast amounts of interest in various taxa. Some evidence on long-term effects of juvenile environment is available, but replicated experimental studies in wild animals are still lacking. 2. Here we report the first replicated experiment in wild mammals which examines the long-term effects of juvenile and adult environments on individual fitness (reproduction, survival and health). The early development of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) individuals took place in either foodsupplemented or un-supplemented outdoor enclosures. After the summer, adult individuals were reciprocally…

Different demography of friends and strangers: an experiment on the impact of kinship and familiarity in Clethrionomys glareolus.

1989

We examined demographic effects of familiarity and relatedness in the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber) in four 0.5-ha enclosures in Central Finland. In two enclosures were mature voles which had overwintered together and some of their mature off-spring (hereafter referred to as “Friends”), and in the other two individuals of the same species captured from different localities near the study area (“Strangers”). The experiment lasted from June to September. The populations of Friends reached densities twice as high as those of Strangers with a significantly higher rate of recruitment and survival of the young. This may have been due to mutual familiarity decreasing antagonism towa…

Numerical response of predators to large variations of grassland vole abundance, long-term community change and prey switches

2020

AbstractVoles can reach high densities with multi-annual population fluctuations of large amplitude, and they are at the base of large and rich communities of predators in temperate and arctic food webs. This status places them at the heart of management conflicts wherein crop protection and health concerns are often raised against conservation issues. Here, a 20-year survey describes the effects of large variations in grassland vole populations on the densities and the daily theoretical food intakes (TFI) of vole predators based on roadside counts. Our results show how the predator community responds to prey variations of large amplitude and how it reorganized with the increase in a domina…

Population dynamics of fossorial water vole (Arvicola terrestris scherman): a land use and landscape perspective

1997

Abstract This study investigates the effect of land use, and landscape composition and structure on the population dynamics of fossorial water vole (Arvicola terrestris scherman Shaw). Water vole populations were monitored from 1989 to 1994 in the Doubs department, France, by using index methods. Land use patterns were studied based on agriculture and forestry data from the French Ministry of Agriculture collected in 1956, 1970, 1979 and 1988. Grassland quality and landscape structure were studied based on field transects, combined with the assessment of landscape structure from maps at 1:25,000 scale. Outbreaks of water vole populations occurred as a wave, spreading from epicentres over mo…

Fungal-Mediated Multitrophic Interactions - Do Grass Endophytes in Diet Protect Voles from Predators?

2010

Plant-associated micro-organisms such as mycotoxin-producing endophytes commonly have direct negative effects on herbivores. These effects may be carried over to natural enemies of the herbivores, but this has been rarely explored. We examined how feeding on Neotyphodium endophyte infected (E+) and endophyte free (E−) meadow ryegrass (Scherodonus pratensis) affects body mass, population size and mobility of sibling voles (Microtus levis), and whether the diet mediates the vulnerability of voles to least weasel (Mustela nivalis nivalis) predation. Because least weasels are known to be olfactory hunters, we also examined whether they are able to distinguish olfactory cues of voles fed on E+ a…

Epigenetic mechanisms behind phenotypic changes in different population densities in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)

2017

Metsämyyrän (Myodes glareolus) fenotyyppisten muutosten epigeneettiset mekanismit eri populaatiotiheyksissä. Epigeneettisilla mekanismeilla on perustava rooli normaalissa geeniekspression aktiivisuudessa ja ne voidaan nähdä molekulaaristen prosessien systeeminä, joka reagoi ympäristötekijöihin ja säätelee geenisäätelyä muuttamatta alkuperäistä DNA-sekvenssiä. DNA-metylaatio on eniten tutkittu epigeneettinen mekanismi jolla on tärkeä rooli geenien säätelyssä normaalin solujen kehityksen aikana. Metylaatio ilmenee tyypillisesti CpG-dinukleotideissa, joissa metyyliryhmä kiinnittyy 5’-sytosiiniin (C) jota seuraava emäs on guaniini (G). Tämä voi estää näihin CpG-paikkoihin liittyvien geenien ilm…

Genetic diversity in the wild : cyclic population dynamics and population isolation

2013

Les Ambivalences du devenir d'un écomusée : entre repli identitaire et dépossession

2000

A study of an Ecomuseum Association bas been conducted in order to differentiate between volunteers and Museum professionals' interpretations. Their respective approaches to the contents of the exhibitions, to their stageing, to their presentation and to the cultural and scientific projects as well as to the audiences they aim at attracting reveal great heterogeneousness. The goal ofthis paper is to a study specific social approaches, to recontextualize them and to present them in a more general perspective. Starting from the founding theories of the Ecomuseum, it is possible to show the evolution in this particular field as well as the general trends in present day museology.

Narrazione, consapevolezza e resilienza

2017

La presente proposta intende ampliare e aggiornare le riflessioni sul ruolo, le funzioni e la capacità adattiva della famiglia di fronte agli eventi altamente stressanti, per riconoscerle quelle capacità e quelle risorse che le sono proprie. Dall’analisi delle funzioni della memoria autobiografica si osserva le trasformazioni della memoria familiare in seguito alle esperienze di discontinuità famigliare, con particolare riferimento alla genitorialità. L’articolo analizza il tema della memoria famigliare nei processi di formazione del senso di identità, di appartenenza famigliare e socio-culturale. Metteremo in evidenza la centralità del ruolo della narrazione nel funzionamento familiare e d…