Search results for "wars"
showing 7 items of 57 documents
The methods and techniques of the research on war and conflicts. The outline of the issue
2018
The aim of this paper is to present the methodological assumptions necessary to examine the wars and conflicts. Authors refer to the genesis of the research on the phenomenon of war that occurred after the end of World War II. Moreover, the authors selects the research methods. The wide range of research methods will be applied in international relations, such as an empirical report, based on the description of the various conflicts and their interpretation. It must be emphasized that methodological technique applied in humanities and empirical sciences is necessary to examine war and peace. Above all, two methods are the most important, that is, inductionism that allows to collect and logi…
Nationalism and Internationalism Reconciled : British Concepts for a New World Order during and after the World Wars
2018
The carnage of World War I gave rise to liberal visions for a new world order with democratized foreign policy and informed international public opinion. Conservatives emphasized continuity in national sovereignty, while socialists focused on the interests of the working class. While British diplomacy in the construction of the League of Nations has been widely discussed, we focus on contemporary uses of nationalism and internationalism in parliamentary and press debates that are more ideological. We also examine how failed internationalist visions influenced uses of these concepts during World War II, supporting alternative organizational solutions, caution with the rhetoric of democracy a…
Typification of five plant names described based on specimens collected by Józef Warszewicz in Central and South America.
2022
Józef Warszewicz (1812–1864) was one of the first Polish naturalists to explore the flora of the tropical New World. During two expeditions to Central and South America (1844–1850 and 1850–1853) he collected and delivered to Europe up to twenty thousand plant specimens. To honour his service and his achievements in plant collections, different taxonomists described more than 100 taxa using the surname Warszewicz, for example in the genus name (Warszewiczia) and the species epithets (warszewiczii, warscewiczii, warszewicziana). Unfortunately, a large part of Warszewicz’s collection of plant species deposited in the Berlin Herbarium (B), including many type specimens was destroyed during Worl…
Supplementary material 1 from: Nobis M, Klichowska E, Wolanin M, Nobis A, Nowak A (2022) Typification of five plant names described based on specimen…
2022
Table S1
Jermut, korpisoturit ja militaristit suomalaisessa sotakirjallisuudessa
2019

 
 
 Arto Jokinen, Isänmaan miehet: Maskuliinisuus, kansakunta ja väkivalta suomalaisessa sotakirjallisuudessa. Toim. Markku Soikkeli ja Ville Kivimäki. Tampere: Vastapaino 2019, 296 s.
 
 
Pro Bono Publico? Demand for Military Spending Between the World Wars
2017
This article analyzes the demand for military spending in the 1920s and 1930s, based on variables arising from the international system and the selected countries. The main premise is that the military spending was an impure public good, implying that both public and private benefits drove the demand for this type of expenditure. Threats arising from the autocratic states in the 1930s increased these expenditures, and democracies overall tended to spend less. Moreover, the absence of clear international leadership by the USA or UK destabilized the international system and increased military spending, with alliances failing to produce a public good effect. Military spending resulted in joint…
The Jews in Times of Warand the Social and Political Riots in the Southeast of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th and 18th Centuries Cont…
2014
W wiekach XVII i XVIII na południowo-wschodnich terenach Rzeczypospolitej znajdowało się największe na świecie, dynamicznie rozwijające się skupisko ludności żydowskiej. Korzystne warunki zamieszkania zapewniały Żydom przywileje prawne i ekonomiczne oraz opiekę ze strony właścicieli wielkich majątków ziemskich. Egzystencja skupisk ludności wyznania mojżeszowego w stosunkowo niewielkim stopniu była zakłócana przez antyżydowskie działania władz kościelnych, procesy o mordy rytualne oraz wrogość ludności rodzimej (Rusinów). W początkowym okresie powstania Chmielnickiego doszło do wielkiego pogromu Żydów na Ukrainie, Podolu i Wołyniu. Jednak już w latach 60. XVII w. gminy żydowskie na tych tere…