Search results for "water"
showing 10 items of 9348 documents
Time at risk: Individual spatial behaviour drives effectiveness of marine protected areas and fitness
2021
11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table.-- Under a Creative Commons license
Use of sewage sludge compost and Trichoderma asperellum isolates to supress Fusarium wilt of tomato
2002
It has been reported that plant growth media amended with composted bark suppress Fusarium wilts whereas media amended with composted municipal sludge aggravate this disease. However, in this study, a compost prepared from vegetable and animal market wastes, sewage sludge and yard wastes showed a high ability to suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1. The ability of this compost to suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato was compared with that of a peat mix (peat:vermiculite, 1:1 v/v) and a naturally suppressive soil from Chateaurenard, France. The compost and the soil from Chateaurenard were highly suppressive, whereas the peat mix was highly condu…
Fundamental questions and applications of sclerochronology: Community-defined research priorities
2020
WOS:000582677500029; International audience; Horizon scanning is an increasingly common strategy to identify key research needs and frame future agendas in science. Here, we present the results of the first such exercise for the field of sclerochronology, thereby providing an overview of persistent and emergent research questions that should be addressed by future studies. Through online correspondence following the 5th International Sclerochronology Conference in 2019, participants submitted and rated questions that addressed either knowledge gaps or promising applications of sclerochronology. An initial list of 130 questions was compiled based on contributions of conference attendees and …
Patterns of genetic variability and habitat occupancy in Crepis triasii (Asteraceae) at different spatial scales: insights on evolutionary processes …
2012
International audience; Background and Aims Archipelagos are unique systems for studying evolutionary processes promoting diversification and speciation. The islands of the Mediterranean basin are major areas of plant richness, including a high proportion of narrow endemics. Many endemic plants are currently found in rocky habitats, showing varying patterns of habitat occupancy at different spatial scales throughout their range. The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of varying patterns of population distribution on genetic diversity and structure to shed light on demographic and evolutionary processes leading to population diversification in Crepis triasii, an endemic pl…
Structural and Mechanical Modification Induced by Water Content in Giant Wild Reed (A. donax L.)
2018
Giant wild reed Arundo donax L. is an aggressive agricultural species with remarkable features such as fast-growing, untapped economic potential, eco-friendliness, and high specific properties (e.g., high strength/weight and modulus/weight ratios). Here, the bending properties of giant reed were studied at a molecular level to evaluate the effect of the conditions used during the preparation for their applications (also referred to as treatment conditions). The aim was to achieve new information potentially useful to suggest new possible applications of A. donax L. for structural applications in modern buildings. In this study, green reeds collected in a Sicilian plantation were dried for 2…
Combustion Properties of Birch (Betula pendula) Black Liquors From Sulfur-Free Pulping
2016
Sulfur-free pulping has an environmental advantage over the traditional kraft process. This article describes the combustion properties of the black liquors produced from silver birch (Betula pendula) sawdust using three different cooking processes: two sulfur-free cooks (soda-anthraquinone and oxygen-alkali), and one reference kraft cook. It also considers the corresponding black liquors from an integrated forest biorefinery, in which a hot-water pretreatment of feedstock was performed prior to pulping. With the same cooking time, the total burning times for the sulfur-free black liquors were higher (15–55%) than those for the conventional kraft black liquors. However, no significant diffe…
Inconsistent relationships among protection, benthic assemblage, habitat complexity and fish biomass in Mediterranean temperate rocky reefs
2021
International audience; Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been proved to effectively protect and restore fish assemblages. There is mixed evidence regarding the effects of MPAs on benthic assemblages, habitat complexity, and how protection might mediate the effects of habitat features (including biotic and abiotic components) on fish assemblages, with very little information concerning temperate areas. Here, our aim is to assess how protection 1) influences benthic assemblages and habitat complexity, and 2) mediates the effects of habitat complexity on fishes.Using non-destructive methods (photosampling for shallow rocky benthic assemblages, and underwater visual census using strip transec…
Machine learning predictions of trophic status indicators and plankton dynamic in coastal lagoons
2018
Abstract Multivariate trophic indices provide an efficient way to assess and classify the eutrophication level and ecological status of a given water body, but their computation requires the availability of experimental information on many parameters, including biological data, that might not always be available. Here we show that machine learning techniques – once trained against a full data set – can be used to infer plankton biomass information from chemical and physical parameter only, so that trophic index can then be computed without using additional biological data. More specifically, we reconstruct plankton information from chemical and physical data, and this information together w…
Tracking management-related water quality alterations by phytoplankton assemblages in a tropical reservoir
2015
Water quality improvement and suppression of cyanobacterial blooms were planned in a eutrophic reservoir in southern China through ecological engineering measures from 2006 to 2011. This consisted in (i) a hydraulic resetting of inflows and outflows to increase the distance between inlet and outlet and the water residence time in the reservoir, and in (ii) the installation of floating frames hosting wetland vegetation to promote an alteration in phytoplankton composition. The environmental changes were therefore followed through the analysis of biotic responses in phytoplankton assemblages. Ecological engineering was effective in reducing phytoplankton total biomass, in re-establishing more…
Distance decay 2.0 – a global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities
2021
AbstractUnderstanding the variation in community composition and species abundances, i.e., β-diversity, is at the heart of community ecology. A common approach to examine β-diversity is to evaluate directional turnover in community composition by measuring the decay in the similarity among pairs of communities along spatial or environmental distances. We provide the first global synthesis of taxonomic and functional distance decay along spatial and environmental distance by analysing 149 datasets comprising different types of organisms and environments. We modelled an exponential distance decay for each dataset using generalized linear models and extracted r2 and slope to analyse the streng…