Search results for "wealth"

Vauraus, luotto, luottamus : talonpoikien lainasuhteet Pohjanlahden molemmin puolin 1796-1830

2014

Entre moneo e memini. Arquitectura funeraria militar en el sureste de Sicilia.

2023

Nel luglio del 1943 la costa sud-orientale della Sicilia fu teatro dello sbarco attuato dalle forze militari Alleate da cui prende avvio la liberazione dal nazi-fascismo dell’Italia e dell’Europa. Gli eventi bellici siciliani furono inevitabilmente piuttosto cruenti e videro un numero elevato di morti di soldati italiani, tedeschi e dei militari delle forze anglo-americane. Sin dagli anni Cinquanta del ’900, la Commonwealth War Grave Commission e la Volksbund, al fine di onorare i militari Alleati e tedeschi caduti in battaglia, avviarono la realizzazione di diversi cimiteri di guerra tra Agira, Catania, Siracusa e Motta Sant’Anastasia. I primi tre, progettati da Louis de Soissons, destinat…

Polskie oddziały wojskowe w służbie rosyjskiej w latach 1793-1794. Przyczynki źródłowe

2017

The article discusses, on the basis both of the literaturę on the subject and archival materials preserved in two Russian archives, the fate of military units from the Crown and Lithuanian Army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which in the spring-summer of 1793 were taken to the Russian service. Initially, they had ca. 24 thousand soldiers, but the Russian decided to disband some of the units, while reducing the number of others, thus the number of the servicemen decreased to 15 thousand. The least reduced was the garrison of Kamianets-Podilskyi, for in the service of Empress Catherine II stayed two almost non-reduced infantry regiments of the former Polish Army and part of artillery …

Artykuły wojenne dla artylerii koronnej Augusta III z 1737 r

2016

During the reigns of Augustus II and Augustus III (both Polish) - the Lithuanian Commonwealth's armies were modernized. As early as during the Great Northern War the armies were equipped with relatively modern military devices, and within the following decades efforts were made to keep the equipment in line with European standards. As far as the financial and organizational aspects were concerned, the most significant were the reforms of the Silent Sejm from 1717. Moreover, it was signalled that the military law should be thoroughly modernized by means of developing generał and detailed codes determining the rules of military service and principles of everyday life for the soldiers of both …

Kilka uwag o alkoholu i tytoniu w życiu żołnierzy polskich w XVII w. i w pierwszej połowie XVIII w

2017

For centuries alcohol had constituted a key component of soldiers’ diet. As early as in ancient times, health benefits of wine and its impact on human body were appreciated, foremostly its germicidal properties. Probably alcohol was popular among soldier of the first Piasts or knight of the time of regional disintegration, time of king Władysław 1 the Elbow-high, Casimir the Great or kings of the Jagiellonian dynasty. It may be presumed that the former only drank beer, however, knights in XIV-XV treated it as a common everyday beverage, relishing wine for special occassions and during feasts. In XVI century the list of alcoholic beverages was enriched by vodka - aqua vitae. In the first hal…

Bitwa pod Kowalewem (5 X 1716) – geneza, przebieg, konsekwencje

2019

The article, which refers to the research on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s military history in the 18th century and the crisis of Old Polish war art, presents the genesis, course and effects of the battle of Kowalewo of 5 October 1716. Epistolographic material, press and chronicle accounts along with plans of two battles constitute the source base. These primary sources were given a critical analysis, the acquired information being collated and verified in order to obtain a reasonably precise picture of the causes, course and consequences of the battle. The armed forces participating in the battle consisted of the military forces of the Tarnogród Confederation and the royal corps for…

Stan badań nad wojskowością Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XVIII wieku

2019

W artykule przedstawiono stań badań nad dziejami wojskowości Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XVIII wieku. Analizie poddano przede wszystkim historyków polskich, bez wprowadzenia ograniczeń chronologicznych, a tym samym od XIX wieku do dnia dzisiejszego. Uwzględniono też, choć na ograniczoną skalę, prace badaczy z innych krajów, przede wszystkim tych, które uznają się w jakimś stopniu za spadkobierców tradycji Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów oraz państw z nią sąsiadujących w XVIII wieku. Stan wiedzy o wojskowości Rzeczypospolitej omówiono w działach: historia wojen z udziałem państwa polsko-litewskiego, podstawy prawne funkcjonowania, liczebność, organizacja i finansowanie sił zbrojnych, z…

‘My skin is hard’ - adult learners’ resistance to racialization and racism

2021

This article analyzes experiences of racialization in stories of adult learners with refugee experience who attend a basic education program at a Finnish community college. Throughout a two-year ethnographic study, several students shared stories and thoughts on racialization and racism with the white researcher on site (the author). This article tells and theorizes their stories to gain a deeper understanding of the workings of everyday racialization and racism in a Finnish educational context. Theoretically, the article draws on a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework, which recognizes the inherence of racialization and racism in society and underlines the importance and legitimacy of BIPO…

Socioemotional wealth in family business research: A systematic literature review on its definition, roles and dimensions

2022

This study aims to depict the current state of research on socioemotional wealth (SEW) in family businesses considering its definitions, roles, and dimensions. Using the SPAR-4-SLR protocol (Paul, Lim, O’Cass, Hao, & Bresciani, 2021), we develop a systematic review of literature on SEW covering 74 studies published between 2007 and 2022. We propose a comprehensive definition of SEW based on four nonfinancial aspects and an association model that reviews the roles of SEW as an antecedent, a consequence, or a moderator. We also offer a new conceptual model for SEW comprising a general dimension and ten specific dimensions to facilitate empirical inquiries into areas beyond those considered by…

The three wives problem and Shapley value

2015

We examine the Talmudic three wives problem, which is a generalization of the Talmudic contested garment problem solved by Aumann and Maschler (1985) using coalitional procedure. This problem has many practical applications. In an attempt to unify all Talmudic methods, Guiasu (2010, 2011) asserts that it can be explained in terms of “run-to-the-bank”, that is, of Shapley value in a “cumulative game”. It can be challenged because the coalitional procedure yields the same result as the nucleolus, which corresponds to a “dual game”. As Guiasu's solution is paradoxical (it has all the appearances of truth), my contribution consists in explaining the concepts, particularly truncation, that play …