Search results for "widths"

showing 10 items of 27 documents

Half-width plots, a simple tool to predict peak shape, reveal column kinetics and characterise chromatographic columns in liquid chromatography: Stat…

2013

Peak profiles in chromatography are characterised by their height, position, width and asymmetry; the two latter depend on the values of the left and right peak half-widths. Simple correlations have been found between the peak half-widths and the retention times. The representation of such correlations has been called half-width plots. For isocratic elution, the plots are parabolic, although often, the parabolas can be approximated to straight-lines. The plots can be obtained with the half-widths/retention time data for a set of solutes experiencing the same kinetics, eluted with a mobile phase at fixed or varying composition. When the analysed solutes experience different resistance to mas…

Peak profiles in chromatography are characterised by their height position width and asymmetry; the two latter depend on the values of the left and right peak half-widths. Simple correlations have been found between the peak half-widths and the retention times. The representation of such correlations has been called half-width plots. For isocratic elution the plots are parabolic although often the parabolas can be approximated to straight-lines. The plots can be obtained with the half-widths/retention time data for a set of solutes experiencing the same kinetics eluted with a mobile phase at fixed or varying composition. When the analysed solutes experience different resistance to mass transfer the plots will be solute dependent and should be obtained with the data for each solute eluted with mobile phases at varying composition. The half-width plots approach is a simple tool that facilitates the prediction of peak shape (width and asymmetry) with optimisation purposes reveal the interaction kinetics of solutes in different columns and characterise chromatographic columns. This work shows half-width plots for different situations in isocratic elution including the use of different flows the effect of temperature the modification of the stationary phase surface by an additive the existence of specific interactions within the column and the comparison of columns. The adaptation to gradient elution is also described. Previous knowledge on half-width plots is structured and analysed to which new results are added.Work (thermodynamics)Column characterisationmedia_common.quotation_subjectKineticsLiquid chromatographyAnalytical chemistryHalf-widthsInteraction kineticsBiochemistryAsymmetryAnalytical ChemistryPeak shapeColumn (typography)Position (vector)Mass transferPhase (matter)media_commonChromatographyElutionChemistryOrganic ChemistryGeneral MedicineModels TheoreticalKineticsPredictionChromatography LiquidJournal of Chromatography A
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X(5) critical-point symmetries in 138Gd

2011

International audience; The lifetimes of low-lying transitions in 138Gd have been measured using the recoil-distance Doppler-shift technique. The resultant reduced transition probabilities have been compared to X(5) critical-point calculations to assess the potential 'phase-transitional' behaviour of 138Gd. The X(5) symmetry describes the first order 'phase transition' between sphericity, U(5) and an axially deformed nuclear shape, SU(3). Although a high degree of correspondence is observed between the experimental and theoretical excitation energies, the large uncertainties of the experimental B(E2) values cannot preclude contributions from either vibrational or rotational modes of excitat…

PhysicsHistory010308 nuclear & particles physics[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]First order01 natural sciencesCritical point (mathematics)Computer Science ApplicationsEducationBohr modelSphericityKokeellinen ydinfysiikka21.10.Tg Lifetimes widths 27.60.+j 90(less-than-or-equal-to)A(less-than-or-equal-to)149 21.65.-f Nuclear matter 23.20.-g Electromagnetic transitions 21.10.Re Collective levels 21.60.Ev Collective modelssymbols.namesakeQuantum mechanics0103 physical sciencesHomogeneous spacesymbolsExperimental nuclear physics010306 general physicsHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Axial symmetryExcitation
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Effective axial-vector strength within proton-neutron deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation

2019

We use the available experimental Gamow-Teller β− and β+/EC (electron-capture) decay rates between 0+ and 1+ ground states in neighboring even-even and odd-odd nuclei, combined with 2νββ half-lives, to analyze the influence of the nuclear environment on the weak axial-vector strength gA. For this purpose, the proton-neutron deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation (pn-dQRPA), with schematic dipole residual interaction is employed. The Hamiltonian contains particle-hole (ph) and particle-particle (pp) channels with mass-dependent strengths. In deriving the equations of motion we use a self-consistent procedure in terms of a single-particle basis with projected angular momentum provi…

PhysicsProton010308 nuclear & particles physicsNuclear Theorynuclear structure and decays01 natural scienceslifetimes and widthselectroweak interactions in nuclear physics0103 physical sciencesQuasiparticleNeutronbeta decayAtomic physicsydinfysiikka010306 general physicsRandom phase approximationPseudovectorPhysical Review C
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Saturated absorption spectroscopy: elimination of crossover resonances by use of a nanocell

2007

It is demonstrated that velocity selective optical pumping/saturation resonances of reduced absorption in a Rb vapor nanocell with thickness \textit{L=} $\lambda $, 2$\lambda $, and 3$\lambda $ (resonant wavelength $\lambda $ = 780 nm) allow the complete elimination of crossover (CO) resonances. We observe well pronounced resonances corresponding to the F$_{g}=3$ $\to $ F$_{e}=2,3,4$ hyperfine transitions of the $^{85}$Rb D$_{2}$ line with linewidths close to the natural width. A small CO resonance located midway between F$_{g}=3$ $\to $ F$_{e}=3$ and F$_{g}=3$ $\to$ F$_{e}=4$ transitions appears only for \textit{L} = 4$\lambda $. The D$_{2}$ line ($\lambda $ = 852 nm) in a Cs nanocell exhi…

StandardsOptical pumping[ PHYS.QPHY ] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph]Saturated absorption spectroscopyFOS: Physical sciencesPhysics - Classical PhysicsLambda01 natural sciencesIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering010309 opticssymbols.namesakeAbsorption spectroscopy[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph]0103 physical sciencesFrequency measurementLine widthsRubidium 85Physics::Atomic Physics010306 general physicsInstrumentationHyperfine structure[PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph]PhysicsZeeman effectResonanceClassical Physics (physics.class-ph)Zeeman effectNanocellCondensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and Optics3. Good healthMagnetic fieldWavelengthHyperfine transitionsymbolsRubidium AtomsMagnetic field effectsAtomic physicsOptical saturation
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In-beam spectroscopic study of $^{244}$Cf

2018

The ground-state rotational band of the neutron-deficient californium ( Z = 98 ) isotope 244 Cf was identified for the first time and measured up to a tentative spin and parity of I π = 20 + . The observation of the rotational band indicates that the nucleus is deformed. The kinematic and dynamic moments of inertia were deduced from the measured γ -ray transition energies. The behavior of the dynamic moment of inertia revealed an up-bend due to a possible alignment of coupled nucleons in high- j orbitals starting at a rotational frequency of about ℏ ω = 0.20 MeV . The results were compared with the systematic behavior of the even-even N = 146 isotones as well as with available theoretical c…

level densitiesalpha decayelectromagnetic transitionsNuclear Theorylifetimeswidthsddc:530energy levels[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]ydinfysiikkaNuclear Experiment
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Prompt and delayed spectroscopy of 203At : Observation of a shears band and a 29/2+ isomeric state

2018

Using fusion-evaporation reactions, a gas-filled recoil separator, recoil-gating technique and recoil-isomer decay tagging technique we have extended the level scheme of 203 At ( N = 118 ) significantly. We have observed an isomeric [ τ = 14.1 ( 3 ) μ s ] state with a spin and parity of 29 / 2 + . The isomeric state is suggested to originate from the π ( h 9 / 2 ) ⊗ ∣ ∣ 202 Po ; 11 − ⟩ coupling, and it is depopulated through 286 keV E 2 and 366 keV E 3 transitions. In addition, we have observed a cascade of magnetic-dipole transitions which is suggested to be generated by the shears mechanism. peerReviewed

level densitiesnuclear spinelectromagnetic transitionsnuclear density functional theorytiheysfunktionaaliteoriaspektroskopialifetimeswidthsenergy levelsNuclear Experimentisomer decaysydinfysiikkanuclear parity
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Decay studies of the long-lived states in Tl186

2020

Decay spectroscopy of the long-lived states in 186Tl has been performed at the ISOLDE Decay Station at ISOLDE, CERN. The α decay from the low-spin (2−) state in 186Tl was observed for the first time and a half-life of 3.4+0.5−0.4 s was determined. Based on the α-decay energy, the relative positions of the long-lived states were fixed, with the (2−) state as the ground state, the 7(+) state at 77(56) keV, and the 10(−) state at 451(56) keV. The level scheme of the internal decay of the 186Tl(10(−)) state [T1/2=3.40(9) s], which was known to decay solely through emission of 374-keV γ-ray transition, was extended and a lower limit for the β-decay branching bβ>5.9(3)% was determined. The extrac…

lifetimes and widthsalpha decayelectromagnetic transitionsHigh Energy Physics::Experimentisomer decaysydinfysiikkanuclear structure and decays
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Isomeric 13/2+ state in 201Fr

2020

We have identified an isomeric state in 201Fr for which we propose a spin and parity of 13/2 +, and interpret it as arising from the π(i13/2 ) configuration. A half-life of 720(40) ns was measured, corresponding to B(M2) = 0.17(2) W.u., in good agreement with those of other 13/2 + → 9/2 − [π(i13/2 ) → π(h9/2 )] transitions observed in other nuclei in the region. The nuclei of interest were produced in a fusion-evaporation reaction and their decay properties were investigated using the GREAT spectrometer at the focal plane of the RITU gas-filled recoil separator. peerReviewed

lifetimes and widthsalpha decayenergy levels and level densitiesnuclear spin and parityisomer decaysydinfysiikkanuclear structure and decays
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Fine structure in the α decay of high-spin isomers in 155Lu and 156Hf

2018

Fine structure in the α decay of high-spin isomers in 155Lu(25/2−) and 156Hf (8+) has been studied for the first time using αγ -coincidence analysis. Three new α decays from 155Lu(25/2−) and two from 156Hf (8+) have been identified, populating seniority s > 1 states in the N = 82 nuclei 151Tm and 152Yb, respectively. The reduced hindrance factors of the α decays support the previous configuration assignments of the populated states. This is the first observation of states with excitation energy greater than 1.5 MeV being populated following α decay in nuclei outside of the 208Pb region. peerReviewed

lifetimes and widthsalpha decayenergy levels and level densitiesnuclear spin and parityshell modelisomer decaysydinfysiikka
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Lifetime measurements of lowest states in the π g7/2 ⊗ νh11/2 rotational band in 112I

2018

A differential-plunger device was used to measure the lifetimes of the lowest states in the πg7/2 ⊗ νh11/2 rotational band in doubly odd 112I with the 58Ni(58Ni, 3pn) reaction. A differential decay curve method was performed using the fully shifted and degraded γ -ray intensity measurements as a function of target-to-degrader distance. The lifetimes of the lowest three states in the πg7/2 ⊗ νh11/2 band in 112I were measured to be 124(30), 130(25), and 6.5(5) ps, respectively. As the lifetimes of successive excited states in a rotational band are expected to decrease with increasing excitation energy, these measurements suggest that the order of the transitions in the established band in 112…

lifetimes and widthscollective levelscollective modelsydinfysiikka
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