Search results for "working"
showing 10 items of 2747 documents
Distributed analysis of simultaneous EEG-fMRI time-series: modeling and interpretation issues
2009
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) represent brain activity in terms of a reliable anatomical localization and a detailed temporal evolution of neural signals. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings offer the possibility to greatly enrich the significance and the interpretation of the single modality results because the same neural processes are observed from the same brain at the same time. Nonetheless, the different physical nature of the measured signals by the two techniques renders the coupling not always straightforward, especially in cognitive experiments where spatially localized and distributed effects coexist and evolve temporally at different …
Working hours and sleep duration in midlife as determinants of health-related quality of life among older businessmen
2017
Background long working hours and short sleep duration are associated with a range of adverse health consequences. However, the combined effect of these two exposures on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been investigated. Methods we studied white men born between 1919 and 1934 in the Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS, initial n = 3,490). Data on clinical variables, self-rated health (SRH), working hours and sleep duration in 1974, and RAND-36 (SF-36) HRQoL survey in the year 2000 were available for 1,527 men. Follow-up time was 26 years. By combining working hours and sleep duration, four categories were formed: (i) normal work (≤50 hours/week) and normal sleep (>47 hours/week);…
Work Environment, Stress, and Driving Anger: A Structural Equation Model for Predicting Traffic Sanctions of Public Transport Drivers.
2018
Public transport is an effective and sustainable alternative to private vehicle usage, also helping to reduce the environmental impact of driving. However, the work environment of public transport operators is full of adverse conditions, which, together with their high mileage, may increase the occurrence of negative safety outcomes such as traffic accidents, often preceded by risky road behaviors enhanced by stress, anger, and difficult operating conditions. The aims of this study were, first, to determine the association between work-related psychosocial factors and individual characteristics of public transport drivers and the rate of traffic sanctions they are subject to; and second, to…
Benefit of hearing aid use in the elderly: the impact of age, cognition and hearing impairment
2018
Il beneficio protesico e il ruolo delle abilità cognitive, dell’età e del deficit uditivo nel paziente anziano.Questo studio analizza il beneficio protesico in un campione di soggetti anziani (n = 102, età media 81,1 anni), indagando il ruolo svolto dall’età, dal deficit uditivo e dalle abilità cognitive. Il beneficio protesico è stato valutato sia come miglioramento delle caratteristiche audiometriche con protesi (in termini di soglie tonali e soglie di percezione del parlato in quiete e nel rumore) sia come diminuzione della percezione della disabilità e dell’handicap dovuti alla ipoacusia. Sono state valutate diverse abilità cognitive, tra cui la memoria a breve termine, le funzioni esec…
Memory performance is related to the cortisol awakening response in older people, but not to the diurnal cortisol slope
2015
There are large individual differences in age-related cognitive decline. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) functioning has been suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying these differences. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the diurnal cortisol cycle, measured as the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and the diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) and the memory performance of healthy older people. To do so, we assessed the verbal, visual, and working memory performance of 64 participants (32 men) from 57 to 76 years old who also provided 14 saliva samples on two consecutive weekdays to determine their diurnal cortisol cycle. The CAR was linearly and negatively…
The relationship between loneliness and cognition in healthy older men and women: The role of cortisol
2018
Abstract Loneliness has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older people, as well as a dysregulation of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. In addition, it has been suggested that women are more vulnerable to the negative effects of loneliness on health. Our aim was to analyze the effect of HPA-axis functioning as a mediator in the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function, and interactions depending on sex, in healthy older people. To do so, 86 healthy older people (52.3% female) from 60 to 80 years old (M = 67.44, SD = 4.37) completed the revised UCLA loneliness scale. A neuropsychological battery was administered to …
Hair cortisol and cognitive performance in healthy older people
2013
Summary Worse cognitive performance in older people has been associated with hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal axis dysregulation (in particular, higher cortisol levels). Analysis of hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) is a novel method to measure long-term cortisol exposure, and its relationship with cognition in healthy older people has not yet been studied. We investigated whether HCC (measured in hair scalp) and diurnal salivary cortisol levels (awakening, 30 min after awakening, and evening, across two days) were related to cognitive performance (assessed with the Trail-making Test A and B, Digit Span Forward and Backward, word list-RAVLT and Stories subtest of the Rivermead) in 57 healthy…
Retirement age and type as predictors of frailty : a retrospective cohort study of older businessmen
2020
ObjectivesTo study the association between retirement characteristics and frailty in a homogenous population of former business executives.DesignCross-sectional cohort study using data from the Helsinki Businessmen Study.SettingHelsinki, Finland.Participants1324 Caucasian men, born in 1919–1934, who had worked as business executives and managers and of whom 95.9% had retired by the year 2000. Questions on age at and type of retirement, lifestyle and chronic conditions were embedded in questionnaires.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFrailty assessed according to a modified phenotype definition at mean age 73.3 years.ResultsMean age at retirement was 61.3 years (SD 4.3) and 37.1% had ret…
Working memory resources in young children with mathematical difficulties.
2009
Working memory (WM) (Baddeley, 1986, 1997) is argued to be one of the most important cognitive resources underlying mathematical competence (Geary, 2004). Research has established close links between WM deficits and mathematical difficulties. This study investigated the possible deficits in WM, language and fluid intelligence that seem to characterize 4- to 6-year-old children with poor early mathematical skills before formal mathematics education. Children with early mathematical difficulties showed poor performance in both verbal and visuospatial WM tasks as well as on language tests and a fluid intelligence test indicating a thoroughly lower cognitive base. Poor WM performance was not mo…
Motivations, Beliefs, and Expectations of Spanish Nurses Planning Migration for Economic Reasons: A Cross‐Sectional, Web‐Based Survey
2018
Purpose Migration of nurses is not a new or recent event. During the past few decades, nursing migration flows have been a constant trend worldwide. The main objective of this study was to explore the motivations, beliefs, and expectations that Spanish nurses had when considering migration to another country in the near future. Design Cross-sectional, Internet survey of Spanish nurses planning migration for professional reasons. Methods Ad hoc, web-based questionnaire following the Nurses Early Exit Study guidelines. Findings One hundred seventy-two nurses responded. Fifty percent of the participants intended to emigrate in the following 6 months and had chosen the United Kingdom as their d…