Search results for "working"
showing 10 items of 2747 documents
Visual working memory resource allocation mechanism in consolidation and maintenance phase
2018
Visual working memory (VWM) is a system for actively maintaining visual information to meet the needs of an ongoing task. It allows individuals to store visual input information from a complex outside environment and provides storage space as an information buffer platform to help integrate information into a continuous visual experience. This research examined the consolidation and maintenance phase of the VWM resource allocation mechanism. Four aspects of this issue were investigated. First, resource allocation in VWM consolidation was investigated for different materials, and it was determined whether VWM resources were allocated in a serial manner for orientation materials but in a limi…
The mechanism of retro-cue effect in visual working memory : Cognitive phase separation
2020
Retro-cue effect (RCE) refers to the phenomenon that individuals can use retro-cues to improve their visual working memory (VWM) performance of target items after memory stimuli disappear. To explain the mechanism of RCE in VWM, five different hypotheses have been proposed by previous studies: the hypothesis of enhancing target representations, the hypothesis of forgetting non-target representations, the hypothesis of preventing memory degradation, the hypothesis of preventing interference from probe array and the hypothesis of cognitive phase separation. Although RCE has been repeatedly observed in previous studies, the mechanism of RCE remains unclear. In this study, we conducted three ex…
视觉工作记忆中回溯线索效应的影响因素 [The Influencing Factors of Retro-Cue Effect in Visual Working Memory]
2022
The visual working memory is a temporary storage system, which encodes, maintains and retrieves visual information. The researchers have found that adding retro-cues to the maintenance phase of memory leads to changes in participants’ memory performance, which is the retro-cue effect. The magnitude of the retro-cue effect is not set in stone, but changes with the changes of its influencing factors. However, there is no study to summarize the influencing factors of the retro-clue effect. This paper looked into the articles related to the study of the retro-cue effect and summarized the influencing factors of the retro-cue effect: memory items, maintenance interval time, interference in maint…
Negative emotional state modulates visual working memory in the late consolidation phase
2020
Although a considerable literature has grown up around the interactions between emotional state and visual working memory (VWM) performance, the mechanism underlying the impact of the negative emotional state on VWM remains unclear. The present study aimed to test whether the influence of emotional state is related to the early phase or late phase of VWM consolidation process. Across three experiments, we found that the negative emotional state did not affect VWM performance when the presentation time of stimuli was short. However, when the presentation time was long, the negative emotional state increased the VWM precision and reduced the VWM number. According to the two-phase model propos…
不同情绪面孔的视觉工作记忆表现差异 [The Performance Difference of Visual Working Memory between Various Emotional Faces]
2022
Among social-emotional stimuli, emotional faces occupy an important position, which specifically refer to human faces with certain facial expressions. The visual working memory is a limited workspace where information can be saved online and can be accessed and operated by advanced cognitive function during the maintenance period. A large number of behavioral and electrophysiological studies have shown that there are differences in visual working memory performance of different emotional faces. Specifically, angry faces can enhance the visual working memory performance; fearful faces may cause some damage to visual working memory; sad faces will impair face recognition encoding in visual wo…
Electrophysiological evidence supports the role of sustained visuospatial attention in maintaining visual WM contents
2019
Recent empirical and theoretical work suggests that there is a close relationship between visual working memory (WM) and visuospatial attention. Here, we investigated whether visuospatial attention was involved in maintaining object representations in visual WM. To this end, the alpha lateralization and contralateral delay activity (CDA) were analyzed as neural markers for visuospatial attention and visual WM storage, respectively. In the single-task condition, participants performed a grating change-detection task. To probe the role of visuospatial attention in maintaining WM contents, two color squares were presented above and below the fixation point during the retention interval, which …
视觉工作记忆中数量和精度的权衡关系是否受个体自发控制
2021
There is a negative correlation between the quality and quantity of memory representations in visual working memory, and this negative correlation is seen as a trade-off between quantity and quality. However, it is unclear whether this trade-off is entirely stimulus-driven or can be controlled voluntarily by individuals according to task demands, which has led to a debate on the mechanism of memory resource allocation. This paper systematically reviews the development of research on whether the trade-off between quantity and quality is subject to individual voluntary control, and point out this voluntary control is influenced by the exposure duration and working memory capacity, and some su…
Kokousvuorovaikutuksen tehtäväkeskeiset funktiot sairaalajohtoryhmässä
2015
Kokous on tärkeä työelämän vuorovaikutustilanne, joka mahdollistaa yhteisen ymmärryksen rakentamisen ja jossa vuorovaikutuksella on useita funktioita. Kokouksia on kuitenkin tutkittu niiden merkittävyyteen nähden vain vähän, ja erityistä tarvetta on havainnointitutkimukselle. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kokouksen vuorovaikutusta vuorovaikutuksen tehtäväkeskeisten funktioiden näkökulmasta sairaalan toimialuetason johtoryhmäkokouksissa: tavoitteena on kuvata, millaisia tehtäväkeskeisiä vuorovaikutusfunktioita kokousvuorovaikutuksessa esiintyy ja miten ajankäyttö jakautuu eri vuorovaikutusfunktioiden välillä. Kokousvuorovaikutus määritellään ja tuloksia pohditaan strukturaatioteoreettise…
Irtisanominen vuorovaikutustilanteena
2019
Irtisanomistilanne on vaikea irtisanottavalle mutta haastava myös irtisanojalle. Irtisanomistilanteesta on johtajille tarkoitettua opaskirjallisuutta, mutta tutkimusta on niukasti, ja varsinkin vuorovaikutuksen näkökulma on tutkimuksesta puuttunut. Tutkimme irtisanottujen kokemuksia irtisanomistilanteesta ja sen vuorovaikutuksesta. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, kuinka irtisanotut kuvaavat johtajan ja itsensä välistä vuorovaikutusta huonon uutisen eli irtisanomisen kertomis- ja kuulemistilanteessa. Tarkasteltavina ovat kokemukset sekä oman itsen että johtajan vuorovaikutuskäyttäytymisestä. Aineistona olivat kahdeksan irtisanotun avoimet haastattelut, jotka analysoitiin teemoittelun avulla. Haas…
Huumori työnohjaajan ja ohjattavan vuorovaikutuksessa
2020
Huumori ilmenee työelämän interpersonaalisessa vuorovaikutuksessa eri tavoin, ja sillä on monia merkittäviä vuorovaikutusfunktioita. Huumorin on havaittu muun muassa edistävän yhteistyöhalukkuutta ja avoimuutta. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelemme työnohjaajan ja ohjattavan vuorovaikutuksessa ilmenevää huumoria. Tutkimusotteemme on laadullinen, ja menetelmänä käytämme vuorovaikutusanalyysia. Aineisto koostuu kolmesta työnohjaustapaamisesta. Tulokset osoittavat, että huumori auttaa työnohjaajaa ja ohjattavaa hallitsemaan ammatillisen vuorovaikutussuhteensa jännitteitä. Työnohjauksessa huumoria ilmaistaan usein vuorovaikutusosapuolia yhdistävällä tavalla, minkä voidaan ajatella tukevan työnohja…