Search results for "wt"
showing 10 items of 5424 documents
Hardwiring the Brain: Endocannabinoids Shape Neuronal Connectivity
2007
The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of γ-aminobutyric acid–containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB 1 R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB 1 Rs, identify endoc…
Histamine and spontaneously released mast cell granules affect the cell growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
2007
The role of mast cells in tumor growth is still controversial. In this study we analyzed the effects of both histamine and pre-formed mediators spontaneously released by mast cells on the growth of two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, HA22T/VGH and HuH-6, with different characteristics of differentiation, biological behavior and genetic defects. We showed that total mast cell releasate, exocytosed granules (granule remnants) and histamine reduced cell viability and proliferation in HuH-6 cells. In contrast, in HA22T/VGH cells granule remnants and histamine induced a weak but significant increase in cell growth. We showed that both cell lines expressed histamine receptors H(1) and …
Cationic lipide mediated transfer of c-abl and bcr antisense oligonucleotides to immature normal myeloid cells: Uptake, biological effects and modula…
1996
Uptake and biochemical and biological effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) specific for c-abl and bcr genes were studied in normal immature myeloid cells. CD34-positive cells were purified by positive and negative selection and cultured in liquid culture for 7 days. These cells were then incubated with ODNs, either alone or in combination with cationic lipids. The uptake of ODNs was enhanced by the use of cationic lipids. In addition, very low concentrations of ODNs in combination with cationic lipids were capable of specifically inhibiting the expression of the c-abl gene. In contrast, no effects were seen on the expression of bcr. However, despite the effective blocking of c-a…
BMP-2 and bFGF release and in vitro effect on human osteoblasts after adsorption to bone grafts and biomaterials.
2012
Objectives Combination of scaffolds and growth factors is a promising option for several clinical problems in bone biomaterials. Simplified growth factor loading by adsorption from aqueous solution is one important option for this technology. We evaluated the adsorption followed by PBS rinsing, release and biological effect of transient loading with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) on fresh frozen bone, processed bone matrix, collagen, and a ceramic material with immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and qRT-PCR. Materials and methods The study consisted of three in vitro experiments (immunofluorescence, ELISA, and qRT-PCR…
Repeated restraint stress suppresses neurogenesis and induces biphasic PSA-NCAM expression in the adult rat dentate gyrus
2003
Chronic restraint stress has been shown to induce structural remodelling throughout the interconnected dentate gyrus-CA3 fields. To find out how this stressor affects the rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we subjected rats to acute or chronic restraint stress and assessed the proliferation, survival and differentiation of newly born cells in the dentate gyrus. We also examined polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule expression, a molecule normally expressed in immature neurons and important for morphological plasticity. The results show that acute restraint stress did not change either the proliferation of dentate gyrus precursor cells or the expression of polysialylated neural c…
Human Prostate Cancer: A Direct Role for Oestrogens
2007
We have studied the response to oestrogen and expression of oestrogen receptors in responsive LNCaP and androgen non-responsive PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Growth of LNCaP cells is significantly stimulated by physiological concentrations of oestradiol; this growth increase appears to be comparable to that induced by either testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. In contrast, oestradiol significantly inhibits the proliferation of PC3 cells. We also present novel evidence for functional oestrogen binding in LNCaP cells. This evidence was first obtained by means of radioligand binding assays and was further corroborated using: (a) immunocytochemical analysis of oestrogen and progesteron…
Oral administration of the growth hormone secretagogue NN703 in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency
2003
Summary objective Little is known of the usefulness of GH secretagogues (GHSs) in GH-deficient (GHD) adults. The objective of this study was to determine the number of responders to treatment with NN703 in GHD adults. design A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. patients Ninety-seven GHD adults were included. measurements The GH response before and after 1 week of oral treatment with NN703 (n = 83) or placebo (n = 14) was determined. The first and last dose of NN703 was 3 mg/kg, whereas the dose of NN703 was 1·5 mg/kg/day during the 6 days between the first and last doses. Furthermore, all 97 patients received 1 µg/kg GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) 3 weeks afte…
Glucose Metabolism in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency
2018
Background: The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis has a fundamental impact on glucose metabolism. Therefore, both untreated GH deficiency (GHD) and GH treatment (GHT) may be associated with some metabolic alterations, although the abnormalities of glucose metabolism have been investigated by relatively few studies as main outcomes. Aim: The present review summarizes the available data on glucose metabolism in children with GHD, providing an overview of the current state of the art in order better to clarify the real metabolic impact of GHD and GHT. Methods: Among all the existing studies, we evaluated all original studies that fulfilled our criteria for analysis …
Getting the Fat out of Met and Fas
2008
Lack of Fas antagonism by Met in human fatty liver disease. Zou C, Ma J, Wang X, Guo L, Zhu Z, Stoops J, Eaker AE, Johnson CJ, Strom S, Michalopoulos GK, DeFrances MC, Zarnegar R. Hepatocytes in fatty livers are hypersensitive to apoptosis and undergo escalated apoptotic activity via death receptor-mediated pathways, particularly that of Fas–FasL, causing hepatic injury that can eventually proceed to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Here we report that the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, Met, plays an important part in preventing Fas-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes by sequestering Fas. We also show that Fas antagonism by Met is abrogated in human fatty liver disease (FLD). Throug…
Hepatitis C: The beginning of the end-key elements for successful European and national strategies to eliminate HCV in Europe
2018
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem in the European Union (EU). An estimated 5.6 million Europeans are chronically infected with a wide range of variation in prevalence across European Union countries. Although HCV continues to spread as a largely silent pandemic, its elimination is made possible through the availability of the new antiviral drugs and the implementation of prevention practices. On 17 February 2016, the Hepatitis B & C Public Policy Association held the first EU HCV Policy Summit in Brussels. This summit was an historic event as it was the first high-level conference focusing on the elimination of HCV at the European Union level. The …