Search results for "Éolien"
showing 4 items of 4 documents
Erosion en milieu sableux cultivé au Niger : dynamique actuelle et passée en liaison avec la pression anthropique et les changements climatiques
2011
Sahelian ecosystems, especially those installed on sandy soils react very quickly and intensely to small climatic changes. In this semi-arid area, wind erosion which occurs mainly on cultivated millet fields and is threatening the sustainable use of land resources. Furthermore, the rapid population growth and the severe droughts of the twentieth century have had important impacts on ecosystems. To better manage this fragile environment, it is important first to understand how it works. This thesis was included in the framework of the AMMA project (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) and was in the heart of a CORUS 2 (Coopération pour la Recherche Universitaire et Scientifique) progr…
The risk management in the international contracts of marine renewable energy : focus on offshore wind farms
2022
At a time when climate change is becoming the main concern, the renewable energy sector is developing extremely rapidly. In order to add other sources to the existing ones and to increase electricity production while ensuring its stability, the sea has quickly been considered as an attractive alternative. However, the creation of a new industry is a major challenge and marine renewable energy projects are very expensive and risky. The concept of risk was created specifically regarding the management of human activities at sea. The example of offshore wind energy allows us to go back to the origins of the notion of risk by considering it from the point of view of the company, and to analyse …
Mesures continues du flux d'érosion éolienne sur les champs de Mil traditionnels au Sud-Ouest du Niger : Impacts des résidus de culture.
2010
International audience; Au Sahel, l'effet des résidus de culture sur l'érosion éolienne, a été essentiellement étudié avec des taux de recouvrement supérieurs à la réalité. La présente étude vise à déterminer l'impact sur l'érosion des couverts réellement rencontrés en milieu paysan. Pour cela, des suivis continus de flux d'érosion éolienne ont été effectués pendant trois campagnes agricoles sur deux parcelles de même taille (1,5 ha) présentant des états de surface contrastés: PA avec une surface nue et PB cultivée traditionnellement en mil. Sur le champ traditionnel, les résidus de cultures empêchent toute érosion au coeur de la saison sèche et diminuent de plus de trois fois le flux horiz…
Six années de suivi du flux d'érosion éolienne sur un sol sableux cultivé au Sahel : Impacts des résidus de culture et de l'encroûtement
2013
In the Sahel, wind erosion occurs particularly in cultivated fields. This work was leaded at Banizoumbou in Niger where wind erosion fluxes have been measured for six years. The aims of this study was i) to monitor crop residues cover on traditional field and to quantify its influence on wind erosion ii) to characterize the impacts of soils crusting on erosion flux, iii) to characterize the impact of herbaceous strips on wind flux. Results showed that crop residues efficiently prevent cultivated fields from wind erosion during the dry season (January to April) and considerably reduce erosion fluxes at the beginning of the rainy season (May to July). Under a minimal crop residues cover rate …