Large-scale glaciotectonically-deformed Pleistocene sediments with deformed layers sandwiched between undeformed layers, Baltmuiža site, Western Latvia

Multiple deformed layers in Weichselian lacustrine sediments at Baltmuiža, western Latvia

Injection structures and load casts in lagoon sediments (Sārnate outcrop, W Latvia)

Liquefaction and re-liquefaction of sediments induced by uneven loading and glacigenic earthquakes: Implications of results from the Latvian Baltic Sea coast

Abstract Seven internally-deformed layers were recognised in the shallow marine bay sediments deposited during mid Marine Isotope Stage 2 along the Latvian Baltic Sea coast bluff at Baltmuiža. Detailed sedimentological analyses of these deformed layers indicate that liquefaction was responsible for the development of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) including injection structures, load casts, flame structures and pseudonodules. Traces of both initial liquefaction and re-liquefaction were recognised within at least four of the seven layers with SSDS (two different generations of pseudonodules and injection structures, clastic injection pipes, disrupted load casts). This is a uniqu…