Determination of mercury by cold‐vapour technique in several tissues of treated American red crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

Abstract Adult intermolt specimens of American red crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) collected from Lake Albufera (Valencia, Spain), were exposed to mercury during 96 h. The Hg‐concentrations used were 50, 100, and 250 μg Hg/1 as Cl2Hg. The content of mercury in muscle, midgut gland, antennal glands and gills was investigated. Determinations of mercury were made by cold‐vapour technique and AAS. The mercury levels in all examinated tissues increased significantly (ANOVA test, p < 0.01) with increasing Hg‐concentration in the water.

Effects of sublethal exposure to lead on levels of energetic compounds in Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852).

Lead is neither essential nor beneficial to living organisms; all existing data show that its metabolic effects are adverse. Lead is toxic to all phyla of aquatic biota. Most of the lead discharged into surface water is rapidly incorporated into suspended and bottom sediments. The American red crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, lives in a wide range of environmental conditions that include highly polluted waters. Lead present in take sediments can be available to aquatic animals such as P. clarkii because it is a detritivor and burrow into the sediment. In fact, we found remarkable levels of lead in tissues of P. clarkii caught in Albufera Lake and kept 15 days in clean water (e. g. 223 [mu]g/g…

iTRAQ and DIGE in the ecophysiological characterization of zebra mussel populations (Dreissena polymorpha) invading the Ebro and the Júcar hydrographic basins

Poster presentado en el 9th Iberian and 6th Iberoamerican Congress on Environmental Contamination and Toxicology "The environmental research: essential for sustainability" celebrado en Valencia del 1 al 3 de julio de 2013

Effects of salinity acclimation on the proteome of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) heart

Determination of lead in treated crayfish Procambarus clarkii: accumulation in different tissues.

The continual loading of trace metals into our environment represents a water pollution problem due to their toxic effects on aquatic biota. In addition, metal ions can be incorporated into food chains and concentrated by aquatic organisms to a level that affects their physiological state. There are several investigations on the toxic effects and bioaccumulation of lead in fishes, molluscs, and crustaceans. Lake Albufera (Valencia, Spain) and the surrounding rice-field waters are subjected to large loads of sewage and toxic industrial residues (including heavy metals) from many urban wastewaters in the area. In 1978, the American red crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) appeared in Lake Al…

Effects of low mercury concentration exposure on hatching, growth and survival in the Artemia strain La Mata parthenogenetic diploid

The effects of exposure to low levels of mercury in the developmental events occurring from hatching to adult life in the Artemia strain La Mata parthenogenetic diploid were studied. Mercury (5, 25, 50, 250 and 500 nM) added at the beginning of incubation had no effect on hatching and emergence. We studied mercury effects on the growth of viviparous nauplii obtained from mothers that had been acclimatised to 25 nM of mercury for all their lives. Measurements of the length of Artemia individuals were carried out using video recordings in order to reduce the stress experienced by the test animals. The mean body length of the mercury-treated group (25 nM) was higher than that of the control an…

Metal and metallothionein content in tissues from wild and farmed Anguilla anguilla at commercial size.

Metallothionein and metal content (Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Fe, Pb and Mn) were determined in various organs of commercially available eel (Anguilla anguilla) of similar size obtained from a local farm and from The Albufera Lake in Valencia (Spain). Farmed fish showed statistically significant higher Cd concentrations in liver and kidney whereas wild individuals had higher levels of Pb in blood and Zn in kidney. Significant positive correlations were found between metallothionein and Cd in kidney of farmed eel and between metallothionein and Cu in liver of wild ones.No statistically significant differences were found between the two populations in the concentration of any of the metals analyzed in m…

Effect of sublethal exposure to mercury in the biochemical composition of hepatopancreas in Procambarus clarkii during the recovery after starvation

Abstract Freshwater crayfish undergo seasonal periods of starvation. The hepatopancreas is the main energetic-storage organ in this animal. An adequate replenishment of energetic reserves after these periods of fasting is critical for the proper growth and reproduction in this species. Mercury compounds enter the biological environment from natural discharges and anthropogenic sources. Mercuric chloride is one of the most toxic metallic salts found in polluted waters. In these studies, we report the effect of mercuric chloride in the biochemical composition of crayfish hepatopancreas during the recovery period after prolonged starvation. Adult intermolt crayfish (P. clarkii) were kept starv…

Modulation of metallothionein and metal partitioning in liver and kidney of Solea senegalensis after long-term acclimation to two environmental temperatures

9 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables

Determination of chromium in treated crayfish,Procambarus clarkii, by Electrothermal AAS: Study of chromium accumulation in different tissues

In the present study, the authors investigated the accumulation of chromium in muscle, hepatopancreas, antennal glands, and gills of Procambarus clarkii (Girard) from Lake Albufera following Cr(VI)-exposure. Determinations of chromium were made by using Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the standard additions method.

Effects of cadmium on the biochemical composition of the freshwater crayfishProcambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Lake Albufera of Valencia (Spain) and the surrounding rice field waters are subjected to very heavy loads of sewage and toxic residues. Among these residues include heavy metals which have been deposited from the many urban and waste waters in this area. The American red crayfish, Procambarus clarkii from Albufera Lake has high resistance to heavy metals. The authors have also found that P. clarkii shows a high capacity for cadmium accumulation in experimental conditions and natural conditions since crayfish collected in this area contained considerable amounts of cadmium in several tissues even after 15 days of depuration in clean water. Since the physiological changes that take place when…

Effect of ivermectin on the liver of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: a proteomic approach.

23 p., 2 tablas, 4 figuras y bibliografía

Effect of cadmium pre-exposure in cadmium accumulation by brine shrimp Artemia: Involvement of low-molecular-weight cadmium-binding ligands

Abstract Cadmium is a ubiquitous non-essential element that possesses high toxicity and is easily accumulated from the environment by aquatic organisms. It is known that pre-exposure to cadmium increases the resistance of animals to a subsequent exposure. In this work, we report studies of the effect of pre-exposure to cadmium on the accumulation of this metal from seawater by brine shrimp Artemia, as well as the involvement of low-molecular-weight cadmium-binding ligands in this process. During the pre-exposure experiments, animals were kept in seawater containing 20 mg/litre Cd for 24 h and then transferred to clean seawater for 48 h. Afterwards, pre-exposed and control animals were expos…

Cadmium-binding proteins in midgut gland of freshwater crayfishProcambarus clarkii

Metallothioneins, metal binding proteins, were originally isolated and characterized by Margoshes and Vallee. These proteins have a high affinity for various heavy metals, particularly cadmium and mercury and have extensively been studied in mammals. Metal binding proteins have been observed in a variety of marine invertebrates; however, there is very little information available on metal binding proteins in freshwater invertebrates, and particularly in freshwater crustaceans. Cadmium is an ubiquitous non essential element which possesses high toxicity to aquatic organisms. Cadmium binding proteins observed in invertebrates have similar characteristics to mammalian metallothioneins. In 1978…

Cadmium binding proteins induced in exposed freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

This work describes results on the characterization of cadmium binding proteins (Cd-BPs) obtained from cadmium exposed freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii. After acclimation to laboratory conditions, induction of Cd-BPs was achieved by water exposure at a concentration of 100 micrograms Cd/L during 2, 15, and 30 d. In accordance with the method followed by Engel and Brouwer, in each case two midgut glands were minced and homogenized in Tris-HC1 buffer with PMSF to prevent protease activity and DTT to maintain reducing conditions. The homogenate was centrifuged, heat treated, applied to a column of Sephadex G-75, and eluted with the same buffer (pH 8.6). Absorbances of the fractions coll…

Quantification of cadmium-induced metallothionein in crustaceans by the silver-saturation method

Metallothionein (MT) has been proposed as a specific biochemical probe for metal exposure of aquatic organisms. It is recognized that its usefulness as a monitoring tool depends on the full understanding of its function and on the possibility of measuring its concentration in tissues. Therefore the study of MT in crustaceans is interesting from two different points of view: the need to understand mechanisms associated with the toxicology of metals, and the potential use of this protein for monitoring metal-contamined environments. Several methods have been developed for quantitative measurements of MT in biological samples. Immunochemical and electrochemical procedures are reliable techniqu…

Histological and electron microscopical observations on the effects of lead on gills and midgut gland ofProcambarus clarkii

Adult intermolt specimen of Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea, Decapoda) have been treated for 96 hours in aquaria with 100mg/l of lead. The gills and midgut gland were processed and studied in the electron microscope. The gill filament shows important changes in the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells and the cuticle. The hepatopancreatic cells studied (i.e. the vacuolated and dark cells) do not show noticeable structural changes but accumulate lead (electrondense precipitates) mainly in lysosomes.

Cadmium, mercury, and lead effects on gill tissue of freshwater crayfishProcambarus clarkii (girard)

Intermolt adult crayfish P. clarkii were used for this work. After acclimatization to laboratory conditions crayfish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and lead for 96 h. Gills of control and exposed crayfish were removed and ATPase activity and oxygen uptake rate were determined. Structural damage of gill filaments was also observed. Gill tissue respiration rates were measured for individual crayfish using a Gilson differential respirometer. Lead causes a decrease of gill oxygen uptake, but neither cadmium nor mercury seems to affect it at the concentrations employed. Although all metals studied alter gill filament structure, lead damage is the most apparent. In …

Gill ATPase activity in Procambarus clarkii as an indicator of heavy metal pollution.

Lake Albufera and the surrounding rice field waters are subjected to very heavy loads of sewage and toxic industrial residues, including heavy metals, from the many urban and waste waters of this area. The American red crayfish, Procambarus clarkii have a high resistance to toxic effects of heavy metals. The sublethal effects of heavy metals on gills of fish and aquatic invertebrates have been extensively studied. Some metabolic disturbances and histologic damages have been reported, as well as osmoregulation alterations. However, little work has been done about the effect of heavy metals on Na,K and Mg-ATPases of freshwater invertebrate gills. Na,K-ATPase is the prime mediator of ion trans…

Oxygen uptake by excised gills ofProcambarus clarkii (Girard) from albufera lake of Valencia, Spain, under heavy metal treatments

The American red crayfish Procambarus clarkii, originally from Louisiana (USA) was introduced in Spain in the 70's in the Guadalquivir River swamps. It appeared first randomly and in a more regular basis afterwards since 1978 in the Albufera Lake south of Valencia and in the surrounding rice fields. Albufera lake and surrounding rice fields waters are being subject since the last three decades to very heavy load of sewage, toxic industrial residues including heavy metals and pesticides from the many urban and industrial settlements in the zone. In the present study, the authors have investigated the effect that heavy metals (Chromium, Cadmium and Mercury) have on the oxygen uptake by excise…

Temperature-toxicity relationships of fluvalinate (synthetic pyrethroid) on Procambarus clarkii (Girard) under laboratory conditions.

Cadmium accumulation in the crayfish,Procambarus clarkii, using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

Lake Albufera and the surrounding rice-field waters are being subject to very heavy loads of sewage and toxic industrial residues (including heavy metals and pesticides) from the many urban and wastewaters in this area. The American red crayfish Procambarus clarkii is native to the Louisiana marshes (USA). In 1978, the crayfish appeared in Lake Albufera near Valencia (Spain), and presently, without adequate sanitary controls, the crayfish is being fished commercially for human consumption. In view of this interest, it is important to have accurate information on concentrations of cadmium in natural waters and cadmium levels of tissues of freshwaters animals used as human food, as well as th…

Effects of temperature on the acute toxicity of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Hg) to the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard).

Chromium, an essential trace element for humans and animals is involved in normal carbohydrate metabolism; however, it is toxic at high concentrations. There is no evidence that cadmium and mercury are biologically essential but their toxicity for organisms is well known. Both cause toxic effects at low concentrations to most organisms, especially in combination with other environmental variables such as temperature. Lake Albufera and the surrounding rice field waters are subjected to very heavy loads of sewage and toxic industrial residues (including heavy metals) from the many urban and waste waters in this area. In 1978, the American red crayfish Procambarus clarkii appeared in lake Albu…

Sublethal zinc exposure has a detrimental effect on reproductive performance but not on the cyst hatching success of Artemia parthenogenetica

The sublethal zinc toxicity to Artemia parthenogenetica as regards the possibility of colonization of zinc polluted salterns by means of cysts has been assessed by a cyst hatching assay and a life table approach. Emergence and hatching at different times as well as the whole hatching profile were taken as end-points for evaluating success of development. Demographic and reproductive parameters calculated according to the Lotka equation were used as an indicator of the chronic toxicity of the population. No adverse effects of waterborne zinc were found on hatching and emergence of cysts of A. parthenogenetica at any of the concentrations tested (0.01 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l, 5 mg/l)…