CiNetView - Graphic Interface for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment and Monitoring
Reliable communication is crucial for successful deployment of a wireless sensor network. Many environmental factors can affect the performance of radio links, and the deployment of a network without real-time information about link qualities can be a demanding task. This paper describes the CiNetView application that is intended to support the deployment and monitoring of wireless sensor network. CiNetView is based on diagnostic information collected by sensor nodes, and it allows the user to see a graphical presentation of the network topology and to monitor the network diagnostic information in real time.
Design of Low-Cost Noise Measurement Sensor Network: Sensor Function Design
In this paper, we report the sensor function design and implementation of a wireless sensor network application for measuring environmental acoustic noise. The system is built on ATmega128 and CC2420 platform. The protocol stack is based on CiNet stack with a global synchronization scheme and supports multi-hop communications. Strict filtering function specified by ITU-R 468 (namely A-weighting) is followed. Both the indoor and outdoor test results were compared with standard sound level meters (CESVA SC-20c and Pulsar94) and showed a less than ±2dB error in both short-term and longterm measurement. Power consumption has been measured that a single AA-type battery can sustain the applicatio…
Adaptive range-based localization algorithm based on trilateration and reference node selection for outdoor wireless sensor networks
Locating the nodes of outdoor wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using (tri)lateration with a low-cost ranging technique, such as the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), often results in inaccurate location estimates. This can mostly be explained by the combined effect of distance estimate errors and localization geometry, both of which are subject to the reference nodes used. To develop techniques for reducing localization error, the distance estimate errors and localization geometry must be analyzed and taken into account. To address these challenges, this paper aims to seek ways to improve the quality of range-based trilateration localization for WSN nodes in varying outdoor conditio…
Peer-to-peer cooperative GNSS-based localization for stationary reference nodes in wireless sensor networks
Most localization algorithms in wireless sensor networks rely on a few reference nodes with known locations to estimate the locations of unknown nodes. The locations of reference nodes can be either manually configured or, more practically, obtained by means of some satellite-based positioning system(s). However, satellite-based locations may be inaccurate and imprecise, which results in reduced location accuracy of localization algorithms. This paper proposes a peer-to-peer cooperative GNSS-based localization algorithm for stationary reference nodes to improve their relative location accuracy and precision. The algorithm applies simple statistical methods and GNSS-based information from mu…
Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Radio Signal Strength in Outdoor Wireless Sensor Networks
Many wireless sensor networks operating outdoors are exposed to changing weather conditions, which may cause severe degradation in system performance. Therefore, it is essential to explore the factors affecting radio link quality in order to mitigate their impact and to adapt to varying conditions. In this paper, we study the effects of temperature and humidity on radio signal strength in outdoor wireless sensor networks. Experimental measurements were performed using Atmel ZigBit 2.4GHz wireless modules, both in summer and wintertime. We employed all the radio channels specified by IEEE 802.15.4 for 2.4GHz ISM frequency band with two transmit power levels. The results show that changes in …
Towards adaptive localization in wireless sensor networks
It is often useful or even indispensable to know the locations of the nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN), from both network functionality and applications point of view. A potential yet one of the most challenging method is to utilize received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for distance estimation. Albeit easily adopted, using of RSSI is notorious for imprecise distance estimates which can lead to inaccuracies in location estimates. In this paper, we study RSSI-based localization in WSNs through simulation experiments. We evaluate and compare a hybrid algorithm and its modifications with well-known range-based and range-free localization algorithms. Simulation results indicate that …
Analysis and Evaluation of Adaptive RSSI-based Ranging in Outdoor Wireless Sensor Networks
Estimating inter-node distances based on received radio signal strength (RSSI) is the foundation of RSSI-based outdoor localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, the accuracy of RSSI-based ranging depends on environmental and weather conditions. Therefore, it is important that RSSI-based ranging adapts to prevailing conditions to improve its range and location accuracy. This paper analyzes and evaluates RSSI-based ranging and adaptive techniques in outdoor WSNs to improve the range quality. The findings highlight the effects of path loss exponent (PLE) estimation error and temperature change on RSSI-based ranging. Consequently, we analyze techniques for mitigating these detri…