Applicazione di dispersioni idroalcoliche di nanocalce a due casi studio: i Graffiti del carcere dello Steri e un documento d’archivio della Gran Corte Arcivescovile di Palermo

Applying the Techniques on Materials I

The knowledge of the composition of the natural dye mixtures gives hints on appropriate procedures for restoration strategies. Identification of the dyes used, the establishment of their biological source, how they have been prepared, how these historical textiles were made, can provide important information. The dyestuffs used up to nineteenth century were either of plant (weld, madder, indigo, etc.) or animal origin (cochineal, shellfish, etc.) and belonged to various chemical types, such as flavonoids (yellow), anthraquinones (red) and indigoids (blue and violet). In this study microsamples (19) were examined from 11 Mevlana’s kaftans, dervishs’ dresses and dated from the thirteenth cent…

Physicochemical Characterization Of Ancient Paper And Parchment With Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Historical paper and parchment are widely investigated in order to comprehend mechanisms of degradation and to plan proper conservation interventions. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool that allows to the changes occurring during the degradation process and to get information on the state of conservation. In this work a Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C{1H} CP MAS NMR) study of a 16th century book is reported. The physicochemical characterization of paper samples collected from the book was performed through the evaluation of intensity and the changes in line width of signals in the spectra. 13C{1H} CP MAS NMR spectra of paper samples collected from th…

Attività e proposte progettuali sulla conservazione e il trattamento delle opere cartacee

CARATTERIZZAZIONE E TRATTAMENTO DELLA CARTA DI UN VOLUME A STAMPA DEL 1591

In questo lavoro si riporta l’applicazione di un trattamento innovativo per la deacidificazione e contemporanea riduzione della carta messo a punto per un volume a stampa del XVI sec., contenente i quattro vangeli in arabo e latino, di proprietà della Soprintendenza di Siracusa. È stato studiato lo stato di conservazione della carta mediante tecniche non invasive o microinvasive quali pHmetria, colorimetria, spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica nucleare e spettroscopia infrarossa. Inoltre, l’inchiostro usato per la stampa del testo e delle incisioni è stato identificato mediante la spettroscopia Raman. La carta mostra un degrado di tipo ossidativo e acido. Gli inchiostri presenti contengono…

Solid state nmr characterization of the waterlogged wooden part of Acqualadrone roman rostrum

The roman rostrum found in the sea of Acqualadrone (ME) was characterized in our previous papers. In the present work solid state NMR spectroscopy was applied on a wooden sample of the same artefact collected by coring and divided in four parts in order to correlate the conservation state to the depth. Results were compared with those obtained for a modern wood of the same species. A structural study was performed by the acquisition of 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (13C CP MAS NMR) spectra. These spectra were acquired to assign the chemical shifts of the species that are present in the wooden matrix. In addition the spectra analysis allowed us to determine the cellulose crysta…

Composizione per la deacidificazione e la riduzione della carta e relativo metodo per il restauro della carta

La presente invenzione si riferisce al campo della chimica e più precisamente al settore del restauro e conservazione della carta. Essa consiste in una composizione basica e riducente da utilizzare in un relativo metodo per il restauro di carta antica soggetta a degrado acido e ossidativo.

La spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica nucleare in stato solido per lo studio dello stato di conservazione di materiali cellulosici

This work shows the potentiality of the solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss-NMR) technique applied to characterize cellulosic materials and the possibility of analyze small amounts of starting material within reasonable experimental time using a modern equipment. The NMR analyses were performed to assess the conservation state of a material in order to plan appropriate conservative and restorative interventions. 13C {1H} Cross Polarization (CP) Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR was used to identify the paper and wood components and the crystalline degree of the cellulose. Besides, in wood holocellulose/lignin ratio and the condensation degree of the lignin were determined.

More insight into characterization of the waterlogged wooden part of Acqualadroni Roman Rostrum by solid-state NMR

Abstract Solid-state NMR spectroscopy was applied to characterize the wooden part of a roman Rostrum recovered in the Tyrrhenian Sea in the Acqualadroni area (Messina, Italy). The Acqualadroni Rostrum has been, in the recent past, investigated to establish its provenance and conservation. In this paper, solid-state NMR was used to obtain information on the conservation state of the wood as a preliminary step for the conservation process. A wooden sample of this artifact, collected by coring, was divided in four parts in order to correlate the conservation state to the depth. Results were compared with those obtained for a modern wood of the same species. A structural study was performed by …

Development of conservation methods for the restoration of paper materials

Paper, one of the most common materials of Cultural Heritage, undergoes serious deterioration caused by physical, chemical and biological factors. One of the main causes of deterioration is the acidic and/or oxidative environment. The studies of deterioration and conservation of paper have been increasing and require further development of methods and treatments that can stabilize and strengthen the paper. Various conservation treatments are being applied to model and to historical paper by using different chemicals methods. Their effectiveness for conservation and restoration are under study. Internal and external factors degrade the paper by promoting various reaction pathways. The two mo…

Solid State NMR characterization of the waterlogged wooden part of Acqualadrone roman rostrum

La diagnostica chimico-fisica a supporto della conservazione e del restauro delle opere cartacee

Questo contributo è stato prodotto a seguito dell’intervento del Prof. Caponetti e della sessione laboratoriale guidata dalla Dott.ssa Saladino in collaborazione con il Dott. Renda e la Dott.ssa Chirco in cui è stata realizzata una dimostrazione pratica di come si possano eseguire le indagini di materiale cartaceo con strumentazione portatile. Nel presente contributo sono presentate e illustrate alcune delle tecniche di indagine idonee per l’analisi di opere cartacee, ed in particolare alcune di quelle che possono essere applicate mediante strumentazione portatile. Queste tecniche forniscono informazioni complementari e consentono la conoscenza dell’opera stessa (tipologia di carta, tecnica…

Determination of selected polyaromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of wood to establish the cause of sinking of an old vessel (Scauri wreck) by fire

Abstract The aim of this paper was to establish the cause of sinking of an old wooden vessel by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analyses because wood combustion is a source of PAHs. In particular, the molecular PAH patterns generated by each source are like fingerprints and it is possible to determine the processes that generate PAHs by studying their distribution in wood samples. The relative abundance of high molecular weight PAHs, together with the PAH compound ratios and with total index (proposed by us) has demonstrated that samples owe their PAHs in wood archaeological material to a predominant single mode of origin, i.e. combustion processes, therefore we can say that the sinki…

Alcoholic nanolime dispersion obtained by the insolubilisation-precipitation method and its application for the deacidification of ancient paper

Abstract Nanolime dispersions for the deacidification of ancient paper constitute a valid alternative to the lime traditional ones. Their efficacy depends on particles size, polydispersity and agglomeration that can be controlled depending on the preparation method. In this work, nanolime preparation by insolubilisation-precipitation method is reported. Nanoparticles dispersed in a water-isopropanol mixture were obtained without any manipulation of the dispersion. The stability of the dispersion together with particle size and morphology were found to be dependent on water to isopropanol molar ratio and on the synthesis temperature. One of the dispersion was applied on a manuscript to asses…