0000000000006785
AUTHOR
Dimosthenis L. Giokas
Cloud point–dispersive μ-solid phase extraction of hydrophobic organic compounds onto highly hydrophobic core–shell Fe 2 O 3 @C magnetic nanoparticles
Abstract A novel two-step extraction technique combining cloud point extraction (CPE) with dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) is presented in this work for the first time. The method involves initial extraction of the target analytes by CPE in the micelles of a non-ionic surfactant medium; then highly hydrophobic polysiloxane-coated core–shell Fe 2 O 3 @C magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used to retrieve the micellar phase. In that manner, the micellar phase containing the analytes is the target of the D-μ-SPE step rather than the analytes directly. MNPs are then collected by the application of an adscititious magnetic field overcoming the need for specific steps associated …
Determination of ultraviolet filters in bathing waters by stir bar sorptive–dispersive microextraction coupled to thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
In this work, a new approach that combines the advantages of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE), i.e. stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction (SBSDµE), is employed as enrichment and clean-up technique for the sensitive determination of eight lipophilic UV filters in water samples. The extraction is accomplished using a neodymium stir bar magnetically coated with oleic acid-coated cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as sorbent material, which are detached and dispersed into the solution at high stirring rate. When stirring is stopped, MNPs are magnetically retrieved onto the stir bar, which is subjected to thermal desorption (TD) to…
Fundamentals and applications of stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction: A tutorial review
Current trends in sample preparation focus on the miniaturization of the process resulting in what is known as microextraction techniques. Among them stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) is one of the most recent techniques. It was presented a few years ago as a hybrid microextraction technique that combines the principles of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE). This novel technique introduces, into the sample solution, a bar-shaped magnet coated with a magnetic (nano)material, which is maintained on the surface by magnetism. Once stirring starts, the competitive action between magnetism and rotational force is exploited. At low …
In-situ suspended aggregate microextraction: A sample preparation approach for the enrichment of organic compounds in aqueous solutions.
Abstract This work presents in-situ suspended aggregate microextraction (iSAME) as a new and expedient sample preparation method. This new concept capitalizes on the general principles of in-situ solvent formation microextraction, in the sense that extraction is carried out in a supramolecular aggregate phase, which is formed in-situ in the sample through one-step process involving ion-association between a cationic surfactant and a benzene sulfonic acid derivative. The suspended aggregate containing the analytes is then collected in the form of a thin-film on the surface of a common filter paper by suction filtration. The entrapped analytes are released by completely dissolving the thin-fi…
Stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction mediated by magnetic nanoparticles-nylon 6 composite for the extraction of hydrophilic organic compounds in aqueous media.
A new and sensitive analytical method based on the recently developed approach termed stir bar-sorptive dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) using a magnetic CoFe2O4@SiO2-nylon 6 composite as sorbent material is presented for the extraction of hydrophilic organic compounds. The simultaneous determination of four hydrophilic UV filters in environmental water samples has been chosen as a model analytical application due to the increasing awareness regarding the occurrence of sunscreen residuals in natural waters. The developed SBSDME approach combines the principles and benefits of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) but allows for lower extraction …
Environmental Monitoring of Cosmetic Ingredients
Abstract Since the late 1990s there has been an increasing concern regarding the release and accumulation of cosmetic ingredients in the environment. These compounds reach the aquatic environment by direct sources, such as bathing activities, but also by indirect sources due to industrial activities, showering, domestic washing, etc., through wastewater treatment plants at which they are not completely removed. As a result, studies have shown that cosmetic ingredients can be found not only in the water phase but also in sediments, soils and living organisms, thus affecting the flora and fauna of the aquatic environment. In this chapter, the fundamental principles of sample preparation metho…
On-line extraction coupled to liquid chromatographic analysis of hydrophobic organic compounds from complex solid samples-Application to the analysis of UV filters in soils and sediments.
This work investigates the applicability of on-line extraction (OLE) directly coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) for the dynamic extraction of hydrophobic organic compounds from complex solid samples. The method operates within the existing apparatus of the LC by replacing the valve loop with an extraction vessel comprised of an empty guard column loaded with the sample. In this manner, extraction is accomplished by the mobile phase as it flows through the extraction vessel under high pressure without the need for additional apparatus other than those comprising the LC system or additional sample pretreatment steps. The experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the m…
Development of stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction mediated by magnetic nanoparticles and its analytical application to the determination of hydrophobic organic compounds in aqueous media
A novel microextraction technique combining the principles of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DμSPE) is presented. The main feature of the method is the use of a neodymium-core stirring bar physically coated with a hydrophobic magnetic nanosorbent. Depending on stirring speed, the magnetic sorbent either acts as a coating material to the stir bar, thus affording extraction alike SBSE, or as a dispersed nanosorbent medium for the collection and extraction of the target analytes, in close analogy to DμSPE. Once the stirring process is finished, the strong magnetic field of the stir bar prevails again and rapidly retrieves the dispersed MNPs. Al…
UV filters: From sunscreens to human body and the environment
Recognition of the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin has triggered development of organic chemicals (commonly referred as UV filters) that can absorb UV radiation and attenuate the negative effects of sunlight exposure. Depending on the properties and the intended degree of protection, a wide array of combinations is being marketed as delivering protection against most kinds of UV-induced skin damage. However, some UV filters have dermatological implications, so maximum applicable concentrations have been established. To monitor to what extent commercial products comply with the mandatory limits, several analytical methods have been used for their determination in co…
Expanding the application of stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction approach to solid matrices: Determination of ultraviolet filters in coastal sand samples
This work describes a new method for the determination of organic compounds in solid samples based on the equilibrium desorption of the analytes in an aqueous phase followed by stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction (SBSDME). Sand samples, contaminated with UV filters due to bathing and recreational activities, were dispersed in an aqueous medium by using a coated stir bar with CoFe2O4@oleic acid magnetic nanoparticles. The UV filters were physically desorbed from the surface of the sand particles and rapidly adsorbed on the hydrophobic coating of the nanoparticles, which were retrieved by means of their magnetism after stopping the stirring. In this manner, both preconcentration of t…
An overview of the analytical methods for the determination of organic ultraviolet filters in biological fluids and tissues.
Organic UV filters are chemical compounds added to cosmetic sunscreen products in order to protect users from UV solar radiation. The need of broad-spectrum protection to avoid the deleterious effects of solar radiation has triggered a trend in the cosmetic market of including these compounds not only in those exclusively designed for sun protection but also in all types of cosmetic products. Different studies have shown that organic UV filters can be absorbed through the skin after topical application, further metabolized in the body and eventually excreted or bioaccumulated. These percutaneous absorption processes may result in various adverse health effects, such as genotoxicity caused b…