Biosorption lead(II) and nikel(II) from an aqueous solution by bacterial biomass
Biosorption lead(II) and nikel(II) from an aqueous solution by bacterial biomass The optimum conditions for biosorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution were investigated, by using living and nonliving Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus pumilus isolated from wastewater treatment plant. It was found that the optimum pH for Pb(II) removal by living and nonliving cells was 6.0, while 7.0 for Ni(II) removal. At the optimal conditions, metal ion biosorption was increased as the initial metal concentration increased. The binding capacity by living cells is significantly higher than that of nonliving cells at tested conditions. The maximum biosorption capacities for lead and nickel by …
Efficacy of systemic administration of riboflavin on a rabbit model of corneal alkali burn
AbstractChanges in the barrier mechanisms in the eye should determine the rational route for the administration and dosage of each drug in the treatment of traumatic injuries and other pathologies. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of intra-arterial delivery of 14C-riboflavin (as an “indicator”) and compare it with intravenous and intramuscular administration in an animal model of chemical eye burn. 14C-riboflavin (14C-I) was administered by intra-arterial (carotid artery), intravenous (femoral vein) and intramuscular (femoral muscle) routes. The total radioactivity was determined over 2 h in the plasma and structures of the rabbit’s eyes using a scintillation counter. The r…
Role of calcium carbonate in the process of heavy metal biosorption from solutions: synergy of metal removal mechanisms.
AbstractThe effect of calcium carbonate on the removal efficiency of cations of the selected heavy metals Cu, Zn and Pb from aqueous solutions using various biosorbents (BS) was investigated under laboratory static conditions. The main mechanism of biosorption of heavy metal cations is ion exchange, whereas the reaction with calcium carbonate results in precipitation of poorly soluble carbonates and hydroxides of the examined heavy metals. Studies conducted under static conditions have shown that the effect of Cu and Zn cations removal from solutions is better when using a mixture of BS and CaCO3 as compared to the effect of process, in which these two components were used separately. Remov…
Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of selected bacterial strains
Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of selected bacterial strains In these studies we attempted to evaluate the lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activity of bacterial strains isolated from water and the bottom sediments of Turawa Lake. The following bacterial genera prevailed among the isolated strains: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Cellulomonas and Cytophaga. The lipolytic activity was determined using a titrimetric method, the proteolytic activity — using a modified Anson method, and the cellulolytic activity - on the basis of mass decrement of a cellulose disk after 14 days of bacterial culture. The cultures were maintained at 28°C, pH 7.0 with the following substrates: ol…
Assessment of the influence of counter ions on biosorption of copper cations in brewer's spent grain - Waste product generated during beer brewing process
Abstract The influence that conditioning leached ground barley grain (known as “brewer's spent grain” (BSG)) has on the effectiveness of copper cation sorption was analysed. Saturation with counter ions of functional groups present on the grain surface was carried out in hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium and calcium chloride solutions. For comparison, BSG was also conditioned in demineralised water. Spent barley grain is a by-product of the brewing industry which can be used as a biosorbent in the removal of heavy metals from waste water. Emphasis is placed on the effect of competitive sorption of copper and hydrogen cations and the negative influence of a solution alkalinisation …
Optimization of the sorption process of copper cations from aqueous solution by pine bark (Pinus sylvestris)
This study examined the effect of the chemical modification of pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) on the sorption efficiency of copper cations. The results were interpreted using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order reaction models as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models. The sorption experiments were carried out using the batch technique. The study indicated the effect of the competitive sorption of copper cations and hydrogen cations as well as the adverse effect on the sorption efficiency of copper hydroxides formed under alkaline conditions. The need to assess the measurement uncertainty in determining the basic parameters of the sorption process was indicated. It was also …
Importance of Endophytic Strains Pantoea agglomerans in the Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani
Abstract Antagonistic activity of microorganisms against phytopathogens is mainly the results of plants’ health improvement due to the inhibition of pathogens growth and the induction of plants resistance against diseases. The aim of the research was to determine antagonistic properties of Pantoea agglomerans against Rhizoctonia solani. The properties of two strains P. agglomerans BC17 and BC45 were assessed according to the following criteria: mycelial growth of R. solani in the presence of bacterial metabolites, an impact of P. agglomerans on the growth of sugar beet in the pots containing soil with and addition of R. solani and without it, the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA…
Biosorption of lead(II), zinc(II) and nickel(II) from industrial wastewater by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillus subtilis
Abstract The biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) from industrial wastewater using Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillus subtilis was investigated under various experimental conditions regarding pH, metal concentration and contact time. The optimum pH values for the biosorption of the three metals were in the range 5.0-6.0, while the optimal contact time for the two bacterial species was 30 min. Experimental data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms; the former had a better fit for the biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). The maximum adsorption uptakes (qmax) of the three metals calculated from the Langmuir biosorption equation for S. maltophilia were 133.3, 47.…
The application of electroanalytical methods to determine affinity series of metal cations for functional biosorbent groups
Abstract The affinity of the selected heavy metal cations: Mn 2 + , Ni 2 + , Cu 2 + , Zn 2 + , Cd 2 + , Pb 2 + and Na + , K + , Mg 2 + , Ca 2 + was determined for the functional groups located on the surface of leached barley middlings, so called Brewer's spent grain (BSG) – a by-product of the brewing industry. A simple method for determining the affinity series, with the use of a conductivity meter and a pH-meter, was described. It was demonstrated that the affinity of cations for the functional groups located on the surface of the BSG increases in the series: Na + + 2 + 2 + ≈ Zn 2 + 2 + ≈ Ca 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + , and the series was determined by comparing concentrations expressed in gram e…
Heavy metal sorption in biosorbents – Using spent grain from the brewing industry
The sorption properties of brewer's spent grain (BSG) were assessed in terms of its usefulness in removing heavy metals from solutions. The specific objectives of the investigation involved studying sorption equilibrium and kinetics, assessing the influence of other cations on sorption efficiency, and examining the possibility of bed regeneration. The studies were carried out in a static system, with a constant ratio of solution volume to biosorbent mass, and using a flow through system. The affinity of metal cations to BSG functional groups was established and increased in the series: Mn2þzZn2þ < Ni2þ < Cd2þ < Cu2þ < Pb2þ. The BSG's sorption capacities (mmol g�1), determined using the Lang…
Application of conductometric and pH metric measurements in determining the kinetics and equilibrium parameters of the heterophasic ion exchange: Metal cation-proton
The application possibilities of conductometric and pH metric measurements in the description of the process of heterophasic ion exchange have been analysed, between metal cation (Zn, Cu) - proton, which occurs according to the formula, M+ + HR ⇄ H+ + MR, where R is an anion permanently bound in the sorbent. Kinetic models of the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order reactions, as well as the Langmuir isotherm model which describes the process equilibrium, have been used in mathematical presentations. It was confirmed that conductometric and pH metric measurements are equally effective in the assessment of such processes' parameters, in comparison with the expensive method of determining met…
Biosorption of nickel (II) and zinc (II) from aqueous solutions by the biomass of yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Abstract This study examined the biosorption process of Ni(II) and Zn(II) from an aqueous solution by dead biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica. Optimum biosorption conditions were determined as a function of pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and temperature. The biosorbent was characterized by FTIR, which indicated the participation of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amide and amine groups in the process of binding the metal ions. The results showed that the biosorption processes of both metal ions closely followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The equilibrium data of Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions at 20, 30 and 40°C fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm provided a better fit to the …
Naturally Occurring Oxazole Structural Units as Ligands of Vanadium Catalysts for Ethylene-Norbornene (Co)polymerization
1,3-Oxazole and 4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole are common structural motifs in naturally occurring peptides. A series of vanadium complexes were synthesized using VCl3(THF)3 and methyl substituted (4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1,3-oxazoles as ligands and analyzed using NMR and MS methods. The complexes were found to be active catalysts both in ethylene polymerization and ethylene-norbornene copolymerization. The position of methyl substituent in the ligand has considerable impact on the performance of (co)polymerization reaction, as well as on the microstructure, and thus physical properties of the obtained copolymers.