Review and comparison of experimental techniques used for determination of thin film electro-optic coefficients
The results of electro-optic coefficient measurements performed with three commonly applied techniques used to assess electro-optic coefficients: the Mach–Zehnder, the Teng–Man, and the attenuated total reflectance technique are reported. It is shown that the signal obtained by the Mach–Zehnder and Teng–Man techniques is strongly influenced by the multiple internal reflection and piezo- and electrostrictive thickness change effects, which in our opinion have not been addressed sufficiently in the literature. A novel approach based on using Abeles matrix formalism is implemented for the retrieval of electro-optic coefficients from experimental data. The measurement results, errors, and compa…
Inquiry of The Kerr Effect Origins in Organic Materials: Experimental Assessment By Z-Scan Method
Šajā darbā tika izmantota Z-scan metode, lai izpētītu organisko materiālu nelineāri optiskās īpašības. Tas ietvēra 27 dažādu organisko savienojumu Kerra un divfotonu absorbcijas (2FA) efektu mērījumus un iegūto rezultātu salīdzināšanu ar kvantu ķīmijas aprēķinu (KĶA) prognozēm, kā arī no polarizācijas atkarīgu Z-scan metodes izmantošanu, lai nošķirtu elektronisko un pārorientācijas ieguldījumu Kerra efektā. Rezultāti paradīja, ka KĶA lineārās polarizējamības vērtības var izmantot, lai prognozētu Kerra efekta pārorientācijas komponentes vērtību. Attiecībā uz elektronisko ieguldījumu, otrās kārtas hiperpolarizējamības, kas raksturo šī ieguldījumu lielumu, eksperimentālo un KĶA vērtību attiecī…
Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction of Picosecond and Femtosecond Pulses in HgTe Quantum Dot Films
We report measurements of the saturated intensities, saturable absorption, and nonlinear refraction in 70-nm thick films containing 4 nm HgTe quantum dots. We demonstrate strong nonlinear refraction and saturable absorption in the thin films using tunable picosecond and femtosecond pulses. Studies were carried out using tunable laser pulses in the range of 400–1100 nm. A significant variation of the nonlinear refraction along this spectral range was demonstrated. The maximal values of the nonlinear absorption coefficients and nonlinear refractive indices determined within the studied wavelength range were −2.4 × 10−5 cm2 W−1 (in the case of 28 ps, 700 nm probe pulses) and −3 × 10−9 cm2 W−1 …
Asymmetrical all-organic waveguide gas sensor
An all-organic waveguide sensor for volatile solver detecting was presented. Device consists of SU-8 waveguide with novel organic material used as sensitive cladding. Created device was tested in isopropanol and N2 vapor mixture.
Theoretical Development of Polymer-Based Integrated Lossy-Mode Resonance Sensor for Photonic Integrated Circuits
This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund project “Development of a Novel Microfluidic Device for Label-Free Quantification of Prostate Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Analysis of their RNA Content” (PROCEX) (1.1.1.1/20/A/045) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.
Determination of Kerr and two-photon absorption coefficients of ABI thin films
This material is based upon work supported by the ERDF 1.1.1.1 activity project Nr. 1.1.1.1/16/A/046 “Application assessment of novel organic materials by prototyping of photonic devices”
Mach-Zehnder interferometer implementation for thermo-optical and Kerr effect study
Scientific Research Project for Students and Young Researchers Nr. SJZ/2016/10; National Research Program “Multifunctional Materials and Composites, Photonics and Nanotechnology” (IMIS2) project “Photonics and materials for photonics”.
Determination of Kerr and two-photon absorption coefficients of indandione derivatives
This material is based upon work supported by the ERDF 1.1.1.1 activity project Nr. 1.1.1.1/16/A/046 “Application assessment of novel organic materials by prototyping of photonic devices” as well as by National Research Program “Multifunctional Materials and Composites, Photonics and Nanotechnology” (IMIS2) project “Photonics and materials for photonics”.
Determination of third-order nonlinear optical properties of ABI derivatives
This material is based upon work supported by the ERDF 1.1.1.1 activity project Nr. 1.1.1.1/16/A/046 “Application assessment of novel organic materials by prototyping of photonic devices”.
Organisko materiālu trešās kārtas dielektriskās uzņēmības noteikšana ar "z-scan" metodi
Darba gaitā tika pētīti organiskā savienojuma DMABI dažādu atvasinājumu divfotonu absorbcijas (DFA) un Kerra efekti, lai iegūtu informāciju, kā dažādas funkcionālās grupas ietekmē iepriekš minētos nelineāri optiskos (NLO) efektus. Plašāka informācija par saistībām starp molekulu uzbūvi un to NLO efektiem ļaus veidot atbilstošākus organiskos materiālus dažādām iekārtām optiskā starojuma jaudas kontrolēšanai, optisko datu ierakstīšanai un apstrādei. Šādu iekārtu izveide ir būtiska optisko datoru veidošanai. Materiālu pētīšanai tika izveidota eksperimentālā iekārta pēc “z-scan” metodes principiem. Eksperimentālie mērījumi tika veikti izmantojot lāzerus ar nanoskeunžu un pikosekunžu gariem impu…
Plānu kārtiņu elektro optiskā koeficienta noteikšana ar vājinātās iekšējās atstarošanās metodi
Mūsdienās strauji attīstās optisko tehnoloģiju nozīme datu pārraidē. Kā piemēru var minēt organisko materiālu, kuriem ir nelineāri optiskas (NLO) īpašības, ieviešanu telekomunikāciju tehnoloģijās. Viens no svarīgākajiem parametriem NLO materiālu raksturošanai ir tā elektro optiskais (EO) koeficients. Lai noteiktu NLO materiālu EO koeficientu, tika izmantota vājinātās iekšējās atstarošanās metodi. Vājinātās iekšējās atstarošanās metodes pielietošanu sarežģī tās būtiskās prasības pret materiāla sagatavošanu – to virsmām ir jābūt pēc iespējas gludākām, kā arī jāspēj nodrošināt optiska viļņa vadīšanas nosacījumus. Neskatoties uz to, tā ir viena no populārākajām metodēm plānu kārtiņu EO koeficie…
Origin of Kerr effect: investigation of solutions by polarization dependent Z-scan
This material is based upon work supported by the ERDF 1.1.1.1 activity project No. 1.1.1.1/16/A/046 “Application assessment of novel organic materials by prototyping of photonic devices”.
Nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoparticles: separating thermo-optical and Kerr effects
In this paper, we present a study on thermo-optical effect in core-shell silver/thiol-termination ligand nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were dissolved in Dichloromethane. Experimental measurements were carried out using a Z-scan setup. As laser sources we used two 1064 nm lasers: i) 28 ps pulse width laser with 1000 Hz pulse repetition rate; ii) 8 ns pulse width laser with changeable pulse repetition rate 200 – 40 000 Hz. To study what processes lead to refractive index changes we used the polarization-resolved Z-scan method. Comparing ps and ns results showed that response time of single pulse thermal effects for organic solvents depends on beam size while for nanoparticles it corresponds to…
Donor and acceptor substituted triphenylamines exhibiting bipolar charge-transporting and NLO properties
Donor-acceptor type triphenylamine-based malonodinitriles were synthesized and their thermal, optical, photophysical, electrochemical and nonlinear optical properties were studied. The synthesized compounds formed glasses with the glass transition temperatures ranging from 38 to 107 °C. The ionization potentials of the samples of the compounds established by cyclic voltammetry were found to be in the range of 5.50–5.57 eV, while those estimated by photoelectron emission spectrometry ranged from 5.36 to 5.74 eV. The electron affinity values of the compounds were found to be in the range of −3.41–−3.05 eV. The ambipolar charge-transporting properties were observed for the layers of triphenyla…
Investigation of Nonlinear Optical Processes in Mercury Sulfide Quantum Dots
European Regional Development Fund (1.1.1.5/19/A/003), State Assignment to Higher Educational Institutions of Russian Federation (FZGU-2020-0035), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (18-29-20062). Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.
Study of Structure–Third-Order Susceptibility Relation of Indandione Derivatives
By using the Z-scan method we studied the third-order nonlinear optical parameters of several aminobenziliden-1,3-indandione (ABI) derivatives that have previously been shown to own second-order nonlinear optical properties. Measurements were carried out using two 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers with picosecond (ps) and nanosecond (ns) pulse widths, respectively. When ns laser was employed in the Z-scan setup, a strong thermal lensing took place resulting in severe overestimation of optical Kerr coefficients. Due to this reason the ps laser was employed to evaluate correct magnitude of Kerr effect. For investigated organic molecules, experimental results show that two-photon absorption at 1064 nm is …
Unusual response to environmental polarity in a nonlinear-optical benzylidene-type chromophore containing a 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylidene)indane acceptor fragment.
One of the strongest known electron-accepting fragments used in the synthesis of organic dyes for applications in nonlinear optics (NLO) is 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylidene)indane (BDMI). By studying a benzylidene-type push-pull chromophore bearing a 5-carboxy-BDMI electron-acceptor and 4-(dimethylamino)aniline donor fragment, we demonstrate that this class of compounds can show unusual response to the polarity of the surrounding medium. The combined results of UV-Vis absorption spectrometry, NMR experiments and computational modeling indicate that the studied compound undergoes a geometrical transformation that involves an increase in the torsion angle ω between the aniline and indane ring syste…
Interferometric Z-scan method for thermo-optical effect studies
We demonstrated a new approach to measuring third-order nonlinear optical effects using an experimental setup incorporating both Z-scan and Mach-Zehnder interferometer methods. This method could be especially purposive for thermo-optical effect studies as it can simultaneously probe thermal gradient profile as well as absolute temperature changes induced by an optical beam. The experimental setup was tested using chloroform. Experimental measurements were carried out using 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with 8 ns pulse width and 40 kHz pulse repetition rate. The measured nonlinear refractive index of chloroform was mainly induced by the thermo-optical effect. As thermo-optical response depends on bea…
All-Organic Waveguide Sensor for Volatile Solvent Sensing
This work was supported by ERDF 1.1.1.1 Activity Project Nr. 1.1.1.1/16/A/046 “Application assessment of novel organic materials by prototyping of photonic devices”. We acknowledge Igors MIHAILOVS for valuable discussions.
Poling dynamics of an EO active material using parallel-plate electrodes
We describe the sample preparation and experimental setup for second harmonic generation measurement of electro-optical (EO) chromophore/polymer system at the time of contact-poling. Different types of spacers for avoiding electric breakdown due to avalanche multiplication are compared. Electric field threshold values for second harmonic generation are observed in all samples.
Multifunctional derivatives of dimethoxy-substituted triphenylamine containing different acceptor moieties
This project has received funding from the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT), Agreement No. [S-LZ-19-2]. This research was funded by the Région Centre, the Tunisian ministry of research, University of Monastir and the French ministry of Higher Education and Research. J. Bouclé would like to thank the Sigma-Lim LabEx environment for financial supports, and the PLATINOM facility at XLIM laboratory regarding device fabrication and characterizations. DG acknowledges the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences for the financial support.