Dry chlorination of spent nickel metal hydride battery waste for water leaching of battery metals and rare earth elements
An efficient leaching process was developed for nickel, cobalt, and the rare earth elements (REEs) from spent nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery waste. The process involves dry chlorination with ammonium chloride in low temperature to produce water-soluble chlorinated compounds, followed by simple water leaching. The factors affecting the conversion and solubilization were studied, including the amount of ammonium chloride, residence time and temperature in dry chlorination, and solid to liquid ratio, time and temperature in water leaching. As a result, the dry chlorination process was found to produce ammonium and chloride containing products, depending on the temperature of the process: …
Separation of palladium and silver from E-waste leachate : effect of nitric acid concentration on adsorption to Thiol scavenger
The development of recovery techniques for metals present in low concentrations in E-waste, such as silver and palladium, is important from the aspect of the circular economy. Adsorption of palladium and silver was studied in detail in a batch process with silica-based Thiol scavenger from nitric acid leachate of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). High adsorption efficiencies of Pd(II) and Ag(I), >97%, were reached in nitric acid concentrations below 3 mol L−1. At higher acid concentrations, adsorption efficiency of Ag(I) decreased drastically which enables the separation of Ag(I) and Pd(II) based on nitric acid concentration in sample solution. Pd(II) and Ag(I) followed pseudo 2nd order …
Kullan talteenotto sähkö- ja elektroniikkaromusta
Tutkielman kirjallisessa osassa käydään läpi yleisesti kiertotaloutta ja metallien osuutta kiertotaloudessa. Lisäksi kirjallisessa osassa keskitytään sähkö- ja elektroniikkaromun kasvavaan määrään ja sen kierrätyksen tärkeyteen sekä kierrätyksen ongelmiin. Työssä käydään läpi yleiset kullan talteenottotavat, hydrometallurgia, pyrometallurgia sekä fysikaalinen ja mekaaninen erottelu, joita on tutkittu sähkö ja elektroniikkaromun kierrätykseen. Myös yleisimmät kullan analysoinnissa käytetyt menetelmät käydään läpi kirjallisen osan loppuvaiheessa. Kullan talteenotolle kehitettiin menetelmä, jonka avulla kulta pystyttiin ottamaan talteen jopa yli 99 % puhtaudella ja 60–70 % saannoilla liuotetus…
Effective Recovery Process of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Recycling of Leachate
AbstractThis study presents an optimized leaching and electrowinning process for the recovery of copper from waste printed circuit boards including studies of chemical consumption and recirculation of leachate. Optimization of leaching was performed using response surface methodology in diluted sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide media. Optimum leaching conditions for copper were found by using 3.6 mol L−1 sulfuric acid, 6 vol.% hydrogen peroxide, pulp density of 75 g L−1 with 186 min leaching time at 20°C resulting in complete leaching of copper followed by over 92% recovery and purity of 99.9% in the electrowinning. Study of chemical consumption showed total decomposition of hydrogen pero…