Statistics anxiety in university students in assessment situations
Many students have feelings of state anxiety when exams, and these feelings probably affect their performance. Statistics courses have been identified as producing the most anxiety. The purpose of our study is to measure statistics anxiety throughout an academic course (pre-test and three assessments) in order to observe its change and analyze the relationship between statistics anxiety and academic achievement. The sample is composed of 30 Psychology students taking a course in research designs and statistics (26.7% men and 73.3% women) with a mean age of 20.31 years (SD = 3.76). The results show that the students begin with a high level of statistics anxiety that gradually declines as the…
Stress and neuroticism in Spanish nursing students: A two-wave longitudinal study
The aim of this study was to clarify the direction of the stress� neuroticism relationship in a sample of 200 nursing students from three Spanish universities before their entry into the work force using a twowave longitudinal design. The Stressful Life Events Scale and NEO-FFI Neuroticism subscale were administered at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of nursing studies. Female students reported higher scores in both perceived stress due to life events and neuroticism than males. Older students scored higher in life events stress than younger ones. High neuroticism was associated with a high level of stress. Finally, neuroticism scores rose in the group in which stress increased from T1 to T…
Intimate Partner Violence in Self-Identified Lesbians
This article presents the first systematic review on intimate partner violence (IPV) in self-identified lesbians in same-sex couples. Studies published from January 1990 to December 2013 were analyzed. Of the 687 studies reviewed, 59 were preselected, of which 14 studies were selected that met the inclusion and methodological quality criteria. A summary is presented of the characteristics of the studies, the participants, the prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration, and its correlates. All the studies were carried out in the United States and used a nonprobabilistic sampling method. The majority of participants were White with a high educational level. The results indicate that all…
Factorial Invariance of the Scale Beliefs About Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families in Spanish, Chilean, and Hispanic University Students
This study examines the factorial invariance of the Scale on Beliefs About Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families (SBCASSF) across countries in three samples: Chilean, Spanish, and Hispanic university students. The scale analyzes attitudes toward the consequences of the rearing and education of children by parents with a homosexual sexual orientation. The instrument consists of two subscales: Individual Opposition and Normative Opposition. The Spanish sample is composed of 199 university students, the Chilean sample is made up of 279 students, and the Hispanic sample consists of 114 students. The results provide empirical evidence for the reliability of the SBCASSF in the samples from …
Spanish Validation of the Polymorphous Prejudice Scale in a Sample of University Students
ABSTRACTThe shortened version of the Polymorphous Prejudice Scale (PPS) analyzes new manifestations of prejudice toward gay men and lesbian women. Specifically, this instrument consists of 16 items distributed in four subscales: values gay progress, positive beliefs about gay men, positive beliefs about lesbian women, and resistance to heteronormative expectations. The aim of the current study is to add new evidence about the reliability and validity of the scale. The scale is administrated to 348 heterosexual university students from Spain with a mean age of 22.62 years (SD = 7.63). Reliability and factorial validity estimates are presented. A four-factor structure is supported using confi…
Book Review: Another Science Is Possible
Book Review: Statistical Inference as Severe Testing
Commentary: Psychological Science's Aversion to the Null
Coping, stress, and personality in Spanish nursing students: A longitudinal study
The purpose of this study was to examine the dominant stress coping style in nursing students, its relationships with stressful life events and personality traits, and the students' changes during their academic training. A non-experimental two-wave longitudinal design was carried out in 199 nursing students recruited from three Spanish nursing schools. The Stressful Life Events Scale, NEO-FFI, and COPE questionnaire were administered at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of their nursing studies. Descriptive statistics, Anova(s), NPar tests, and Pearson correlations were carried out. Results show that nursing students' dominant coping style was emotion-focused coping, both at T1 and T2. Highl…
The Role of Neuroticism in Predicting Psychological Harassment in Nursing: A Longitudinal Study
Psychological harassment is a serious occupational risk for nurses, but little is known about its related factors and possible predictors. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether nursing students&rsquo
ERRORES DE INTERPRETACIÓN DE LOS VALORES P ENTRE PSICÓLOGOS PROFESIONALES ESPAÑOLES: UN ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO
Abstract.ERRORS OF INTERPRETATION OF P VALUES AMONG SPANISH PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGISTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDYThis paper analyzes the misinterpretatons of the p-value made by Spanish practitioner psychologists given that lack of knowledge and understanding of p value might affect the professionals’ decisions and jeopardize the quality of psychological interventions. We carried out a survey on 77 practitioner psychologists from Spain (68.8% women, mean age of 41.44 years, SD = 9.42). Our findings are consistent with previous research and suggest that many participants did not know how to correctly interpret p values. More than a third of them believed that p-value indicate the clinical or prac…
A scale on beliefs about children's adjustment in same-sex families: reliability and validity.
In this study, we developed a new instrument named Scale Beliefs about Children's Adjustment on Same-Sex Families (SBCASSF). The scale was developed to assess of the adults' beliefs about negative impacts on children who are raised by same-sex parents. An initial pool of 95 items was generated by the authors based on a review of the literature on homophobia and feedback from several focus groups. Research findings, based on a sample of 212 university students (mean age 22 years, SD = 8.28), supported the reliability and validity of the scale. The final versions of the SBCASSF included items reflecting the following two factors: individual opposition (α = .87) and normative opposition (α = .…
Beliefs about children's adjustment in same-sex families: Spanish and Chilean university students.
AbstractThe main purpose of our study is to compare the beliefs of Spanish and Chilean university students about the effects that same-sex parents might have on their children. A total of 491 participants completed the study (208 Spaniards and 283 Chileans). The results indicate a kind of modern and subtle rejection based on hetero-normativity. Furthermore, the results indicated the effects of sex (men have a greater degree of rejection), traditional and sexist opinions linked to a greater rejection of same-sex parents, and the contact variable which inversely correlates with this rejection. The results show that the etiology of homosexual orientation also correlates with rejection of same-…
Perceived statistical knowledge level and self-reported statistical practice among academic psychologists
Introduction: Publications arguing against the null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) procedure and in favor of good statistical practices have increased. The most frequently mentioned alternatives to NHST are effect size statistics (ES), confidence intervals (CIs), and meta-analyses. A recent survey conducted in Spain found that academic psychologists have poor knowledge about effect size statistics, confidence intervals, and graphic displays for meta-analyses, which might lead to a misinterpretation of the results. In addition, it also found that, although the use of ES is becoming generalized, the same thing is not true for CIs. Finally, academics with greater knowledge about ES sta…
Replication crisis or an opportunity to improve scientific production?
Un estudio exploratorio sobre el nivel de conocimiento sobre el tamaño del efecto y meta-análisis en psicólogos profesionales españoles
El enfoque de la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia se basa en la utilización de la investigación científica en la toma de decisiones profesionales en un esfuerzo por producir los mejores servicios posibles en la práctica clínica. El nivel de conocimiento sobre los estadísticos del tamaño del efecto y estudios de meta-análisis puede afectar a las decisiones de los profesionales y poner en riesgo la calidad de las intervenciones psicológicas. Este trabajo recoge los resultados de una encuesta on line sobre el grado de conocimiento de estos tópicos entre psicólogos profesionales españoles. La muestra estuvo formada por 77 participantes (68.8% mujeres y 31.2% hombres), con una edad media de 41.44…
Validation of the Beliefs about Children's Adjustment in Same-Sex Families Scale in Italian University Students.
Assessing attitudes toward same-sex parenting has important implications for both intervention and prevention programs designed to foster the tolerance and normality of sexual and family diversity. Few empirically validated measures of rejection of same-sex parenting have been developed. The current study examined the psychometric properties of an Italian translation of the Beliefs about Children's Adjustment in Same-Sex Families Scale, a 14-item scale distributed in two subscales that measure direct and subtle rejection toward same-sex parenting, for its use in assessing heterosexual people's attitudes toward same-sex parents in Italy. The sample consisted of 344 Italian heterosexual unive…
Misconceptions of the p-value among Chilean and Italian academic psychologists
Common misconceptions of p-values are based on certain beliefs and attributions about the significance of the results. Thus, they affect the professionals' decisions and jeopardize the quality of interventions and the accumulation of valid scientific knowledge. We conducted a survey on 164 academic psychologists (134 Italian, 30 Chilean) questioned on this topic. Our findings are consistent with previous research and suggest that some participants do not know how to correctly interpret p-values. The inverse probability fallacy presents the greatest comprehension problems, followed by the replication fallacy. These results highlight the importance of the statistical re-education of researche…
Diferencias sexuales en prejuicio sexual. El contacto como variable mediadora
El presente artículo analiza la relación entre el sexo y la nacionalidad, y el prejuicio hacia hombres gay y lesbianas, y el rechazo de padres del mismo sexo, en España y Chile. Los participantes fueron estudiantes universitarios (N=491). Los resultados señalan que los hombres son más prejuiciosos que las mujeres, y los participantes chilenos mostraron más prejuicio que los participantes españoles. Además, las diferencias sexuales en actitudes hacia las lesbianas y los hombres gay, y las diferencias por nacionalidad, estuvieron mediadas por la variable contacto. Las diferencias en nacionalidad respecto a las actitudes hacia los padres del mismo sexo (escala de oposición normativa) estuviero…
Etiology of Homosexuality and Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Parenting: A Randomized Study
Attribution theory suggests the hypothesis that heterosexuals' attitudes toward homosexual sexual orientation will be more negative when homosexuality is attributed to controllable causes. Our randomized study analyzed (a) whether beliefs about the genetic or environmental etiology of the homosexual sexual orientation can be immediately modified by reading a text and (b) the causal effect of attributions about the controllability (environmental etiology) or noncontrollability (genetic etiology) of homosexual sexual orientation on the rejection of same-sex parenting and their social rights. The sample was composed of 190 Spanish university students with a mean age of 22.07 years (SD = 8.46).…
Ensayos : revista de la Escuela Universitaria de Formación del Profesorado de Albacete
espanolLos objetivos: analizar las propiedades psicometricas de una escala breve de ansiedad ante la evaluacion academica y comprobar si hay diferencias entre los alumnos que cursan una materia del area de metodologia o de otras areas. La muestra esta formada por 404 alumnos de Psicologia (M = 21.03 anos, DT = 5.45). El 56.4% reciben formacion en metodologia y el 43.6% en otras areas. Los resultados senalan que los estudiantes que reciben formacion en materias metodologicas informan de un mayor grado de ansiedad ante la evaluacion y perciben que tienen menor autoeficacia. Las implicaciones de los hallazgos estan vinculadas con la ensenanza de los contenidos de metodologia y alerta a los doc…
Falacias sobre el valor p compartidas por profesores y estudiantes universitarios
Resumen La “Práctica Basada en la Evidencia” exige que los profesionales valoren de forma crítica los resultados de las investigaciones psicológicas. Sin embargo, las interpretaciones incorrectas de los valores p de probabilidad son abundantes y repetitivas. Estas interpretaciones incorrectas afectan a las decisiones profesionales y ponen en riesgo la calidad de las intervenciones y la acumulación de un conocimiento científico válido. Identificar el tipo de falacia que subyace a las decisiones estadísticas es fundamental para abordar y planificar estrategias de educación estadística dirigidas a intervenir sobre las interpretaciones incorrectas. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio e…
Spanish Scientists' Opinion about Science and Researcher Behavior.
Encuestamos a 348 investigadores de Psicología y Educación en España, sobre temas como su percepción de una crisis en la ciencia, su confianza en la calidad de los resultados publicados y el uso de prácticas de investigación cuestionables (QRP). También se recogieron sus percepciones respecto a la presión por publicar y la competencia académica. Los resultados indican que una gran parte de la muestra de académicos españoles piensa que existe una crisis en la Ciencia, principalmente por falta de inversión económica, y duda de la calidad de los hallazgos publicados. También sienten una fuerte presión para publicar en revistas de alto factor de impacto y un clima laboral altamente competitivo.…
Longitudinal study predicting burnout in Spanish nurses: The role of neuroticism and emotional coping
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nursing students' neuroticism trait and coping styles can predict nurses' professional burnout. A three-wave longitudinal study with a time lag of 6 years was conducted, following nursing students from three Spanish universities until they joined the health labor market. The sample consisted in 249 students in the first year of their nursing studies (T1), 199 at the end of their studies (T2), and 70 registered nurses three years after graduation (T3). Predictor variables were neuroticism, emotional and behavioural coping. Criterion variables were the three components of burnout (emotional exhaustion, despersonalization, and pe…
Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and their relationship with gender role beliefs in a sample of chilean university students
ABSTRACT. This paper analyzes the relation between gender role beliefs and prejudice toward gay men and lesbians in Chile. Participants were Chilean university students (N = 283). Results indicate that men are more prejudiced than women and religious people are more prejudiced than non-religious people. On the other hand, gender role beliefs mediate sex differences in prejudice. The participants' more traditional gender role beliefs hold more negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Men are more prejudiced than women, particularly in their attitudes toward gay men. In addition, sex differences in attitudes toward lesbians and gay men are mediated by gender role beliefs.
COVID–19. Effect of Moral Messages to Persuade the Population to Stay at Home in Spain, Chile, and Colombia
1.362 / 5.000 Resultados de traducción Analizar si el contenido de tres mensajes morales (deontológico, utilitarismo ético, virtud ética) y un mensaje de control afectan diferencialmente la probabilidad de realizar cuatro comportamientos: lavarse las manos, participar en reuniones públicas, quedarse en casa/evitar el contacto social y reenviar el mensaje para informar a más personas. En nuestro estudio, el emisor del mensaje es un profesor universitario. Estas variables se miden en términos de sus intenciones de comportamiento y las intenciones de comportamiento de los demás (creencias sobre el comportamiento de los demás). Ensayo controlado aleatorizado. Nuestro estudio incluye el análisis…