Correlation between surface engineering and deformation response of some natural polymer fibrous systems

Surfaces of bamboo derived cellulosic fibrous systems have been modified by air-plasma treatment. Their deformational response was studied to establish the relationship between their three-dimensional profile and permanent deformation as a measure of their comfort properties since the fibrous system made of natural polymer comes into contact with the skin. The composite should have a permanent deformation close to zero, in order to be, in terms of dimensions, as stable as possible. By analyzing the area of 1 cm2 using a Universal Surface Tester (UST), different 3D surface diagrams and surface roughness values were obtained. This type of surface investigation provides relevant information a…

Determining the explosion risk level and the explosion hazard area for a group of natural gas wells

Starting from the fact that the natural gas engineering profession is generally associated with a high occupational risk, the current paper aims to help increase the safety of natural gas wells and reduce the risk of work-related accidents, as well as the occurrence of professional illnesses, by applying an assessment method that has proven its efficiency in other industrial areas in combination with a computer-aided design software. More specifically, the paper focuses on two main research directions: assessing the explosion risk for employees working at natural gas wells and indicating areas with a higher explosion hazard by using a modern software that allows their presentation in 3D. Th…

Constructive Optimization of Vulcanization Installations in Order to Improve the Performance of Conveyor Belts

Conveyor belts of special importance must have superior mechanical characteristics. The joining by vulcanization of the conveyor belts allows to obtain superior performances, but it has been found that at the vulcanizing joint of the conveyor belts, there is a &ldquo

Aluminium-steel plating by press welding

A series of researches related to aluminium-steel plating by press welding are presented in the paper. In this sense, the influence of the roughness of the aluminium and steel test samples was taken into account, but also of the post-welding heat treatment on the characteristics of the joints made. S355 steel specimens and AlMgSi0.7 F27 aluminium specimens were analyzed. The samples were processed and roughness Ra = 2.51-51.09 µm were obtained. Also, after making the joints, a postwelding heat treatment was applied which consisted of a heating at a temperature of 425 °C with a duration of 6.5 hours and a slow cooling to room temperature. Six distinct samples were made in terms of surface ro…

Implementation of an occupational stress Control Model

Occupational stress is an enemy of society, a problem that requires a deep research to control stress more effectively. The case study presented in this article consists of a model control regarding occupational stress. The experimental part of this study involved interviews with 15 employees, 9 females and 6 males aged between 25-55 years. Participants described stressful situations at work. Time allocated for each subject was 45 minutes per interviews. The model was implemented based on the job content stressors, effects of stress (physiological, psychological, behavioural) and interviews results. Future directions in stress research is to identify the way to have control in the workplace…

Modeling of energy transfer from the photon beam at an optical media

Laser beam could be applied to act in optical media, to build different spatial images. The operation could be made direct by copying an image or through a C.D. The successive points could be realized with relatively high speed, like 103-105 points per second. Each point represents practically a machining operation done by the laser beam. In most cases, energy transfer is made not in a plane, but in a volume, and this requires moving the focal point in positions required by the image we want to create. This is a sequentially operation, made point by point following a definite order, but in the same time, because the image is spatially, we have to adapt also other parameters of the optical s…

Preparation and Characterization of Composites Materials with Rubber Matrix and with Polyvinyl Chloride Addition (PVC)

An important problem that arises at present refers to the increase in performances in the exploitation of the conveyor belts. Additionally, it is pursued to use some materials, which can be obtained by recycling rubber and PVC waste, in their structure. Thus, the research aimed at creating conveyor belts using materials obtained from the recycling of rubber and PVC waste. Under these conditions, conveyor belts were made that had in their structure two types of rubber and PVC, which was obtained by adding in certain proportions of reclaimed rubber and powder obtained from grinding rubber waste. In order to study the effect of adding PVC on properties, four types of conveyor belts were made, …

Studies concerning the decontamination of hydrocarbons- polluted soil areas using bioremediation techniques

The accidental or historic contamination of soils with hydrocarbons, in areas crossed by oil pipelines or where oil- or gas-extraction installations are located, is a major concern and has significant financial and ecological consequences, both for the owners of those areas and for the oil transportation or exploitation companies. Therefore it is very important to find the optimal method for removing the pollution. The current paper presents measures, mainly involving bioremediation, recommended and applied for the depollution of a contaminated area in Romania. While the topic of dealing with polluted soils is well-established in the Romanian speciality literature, bioremediation is a relat…

Reducing the noise pollution level along main roads in Sibiu, Romania by optimizing the traffic flow

Noise pollution is one of the most important negative effects of road traffic, especially in cities. The current paper presents an attempt to reduce the noise level created by the road traffic along some main roads in the city of Sibiu, Romania by suggesting ways to optimize the traffic flow. The number of cars and the resulting noise levels were recorded in a key area of Sibiu. The noise levels were compared to standards and to measurements taken in areas with less traffic. Then, they were fed, together with road geometry data, into a specialized simulation software that allowed the computer-aided reproduction of the traffic flow, but also the modifying of conditions such as the road geome…

Contributions regarding increasing reliability of beer industry installations using weld cladding in ultrasonic field

Paper presents a new technology for availability increasing of different installation parts used in beer industry - ultrasonic activation of metal deposition by welding. The dilution phenomenon is studied linked on its influence upon material technological and functional properties in the three distinct zones of resulted couple (filler material, influenced thermal zone, base material). Experimental results performed on unidirectional valve are presented regarding variation of chemical composition concentration and dilution variation in three zones influenced by ultrasonic wave.

THE IMPACT OF TRAFFIC RELATED POLLUTION ON AIR QUALITY IN SIBIU REGION

Urban areas represent the main zones of anthropogenic emissions and, at the same time, includes the largest number of population exposed to air pollution. Data related to traffic hot spots locations in Sibiu urban areas are presented and discussed in this paper. It is important to assess the impact of changing climate conditions and concentration of pollutants, these aspects are of special interest because of high and increasing population of urban regions exposed to consequences of climate change and air pollution. Paper tackling the problem of traffic related pollution and especially PM10 fraction as a novel research. No other research were previously done in Sibiu region emphasising part…

Theoretical and experimental contributions on ultrasonic contactless examination of underground pipes through which pressurized fluids circulate

Abstract In any civil or industrial construction, there are many embedded pipelines through which pressurized fluids or gases are circulate and which, over time, are subject to corrosion. Examination and monitoring of corrosion/erosion process in order to determine the service life of pipelines through which fluids circulate at different temperatures and / or pressures is a particularly important task for both the designer and the owner because knowledge of “health status” of these in time is extremely. On-site ultrasound control of wall thickness is based on simple propagation time measurements and is typically used to evaluate corrosion and erosion. The paper presents a non-destructive co…

The Olt River pollution monitoring, using spatial analysis, analityc hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity methods

Abstract Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems of the contemporary world. Chemical industry is one of the major sources of environmental pollutants. Human knowledge and experience is currently focused on the use of assessment methods and techniques before and during the onset of such activities. For instance, it is common to consider the integration of multiple constraining factors and also, taking into account their high complexity and the application of one of the various techniques of Multi-Criteria Decision Making. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of the least and most polluted areas from several sampling points on the Olt River, in Romania. I…

Contributions to risk injury evaluation of human skin contact caused by welding technology in mechanical engineering a company

Assembly by welding is a very important pollutant technological process, mainly of the atmosphere and soil. The formation of gas in welding process is the result of electrodes, fluxes burning, formation of fused bath and welded seam. A large number of human operators feels different adverse effects on health. Most problems appears in respiratory system and include bronchitis, respiratory irritation, fever caused by smoke, changes in lung function, decreased immunity to infection and a possible increase of lung cancer risk. Very little information are available about effects on the organism and skin after exposure to fumes from welding, therefore. In this order, this paper do a risk assessme…

Use of Ultrasound in Reconditioning by Welding of Tools Used in the Process of Regenerating Rubber

Addressing the problem of reconditioning large parts is of particular importance, due to their value and to the fact that the technologies for their reconditioning are very complex. The tools used to refine regenerated rubber which measure 660 mm in diameter and 2130 mm in length suffer from a rather fast dimensional wear. Within this research, the authors looked for a welding reconditioning procedure that would allow a very good adhesion between the deposited material layer and the base material. In this regard, the MAG (Metal Active Gas) welding process was used, but the ultrasonic activation of the welding process was also considered. Thus, the wire used for welding was activated conside…

Raising the fatigue durability curves in case of the rehabilitation welding techniques

Circular economy - foundament of challenges for business environment

Abstract Circular economy is one of the fundamental pillars of sustainable development. The limited character of resources, the demographic explosion, the urban agglomerations and the high volume of waste have become extremely sensitive issues in the current period. As a result, the implementation of policies based on fundamental objectives such as material recycling, energy consumption from renewable sources and the design of products that meet the recycling and re-use requirements must be a priority for the worldwide. The paper aims to highlight the principles underpinning the circular economy and to identify the challenges faced by important areas in terms of the capacity to ensure their…

Effect of gaseous impurities and the laser optics

The impurities into the volume of a material appear while the elaboration process of the considered material. If a material is non-homogenous, even if we machine this material by means of a classical technology we could remark some differences in the machining process like cutting, drilling a.s.o. even in the process of welding. The impurities may be gaseous or solid. Each kind of impurity has another effect for the classical tool, or for a non-traditional tool i.e. a kind of concentrated energy. Each kind of medium has another reaction versus laser beam, because each medium has other physical characteristics. The modifications of characteristics require modifications of photon beam paramet…

The influence of welding parameters and welding rehabilitation techniques on the static loads resistance

Improving the Performance of Steel Machining Processes through Cutting by Vibration Control

Machining processes through cutting are accompanied by dynamic phenomena that influence the quality of the processed surfaces. Thus, this research aimed to design, make, and use a tool with optimal functional geometry, which allowed a reduction of the dynamic phenomena that occur in the cutting process. In order to carry out the research, the process of cutting by front turning with transversal advance was taken into account. Additionally, semi-finished products with a diameter of Ø = 150 mm made of C45 steel were chosen for processing (1.0503). The manufacturing processes were performed with the help of two tools: a cutting tool, the classic construction version, and another that was the i…

Ti-Al Membranes for Microfiltration

Porous membranes made of Ti – 48 at. % Al intermetallic compound was obtained by elemental powder synthesis. These disks can be used as microfiltration membranes due to their low pores size and interconnected porosity. During this study titanium (purity 99.5%) and aluminum (purity 99 %) with low particle size range were mixed in corresponding ratios. The powder mixture was pressed at 500 MPa and the samples were heat treated in two stages. In the first step is the forming of Al3Ti compound by a solid state reaction at a temperature of 640 °C, slightly below the melting point of aluminum. In the second step the Ti-Al compound was formed at the temperature of 1300 °C and the sintering the por…

Studies and Researches on the Obtaining of Sintered Gradual Porous Structures by Irregular Nickel Powders Sedimentation

The aim of this work is to obtain sintered porous membranes with graded structure for microfiltration by sedimentation and sintering of metallic powders. Our previous studies have demonstrated the possibility of obtaining sintered porous materials with graded structure by sedimentation. In this paper, irregular nickel particles were used having a grain size in the 2-90 µm range evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and laser scattering particle size analyzer. The powders were sedimented into a sintering die in a sedimentation medium consisting of water and dispersant agent. After drying, the samples were sintered at 1000°C for 10 minutes in vacuum (~1•10-3 Pa). The structures obtaine…

Simulator for a Natural Gas Storage Realised in Depleted Deposit

The present paper presents the implementation of a numerical model for a natural storage transformed into a deposit which takes into consideration the geometry of the storage, the properties of the rocks and in which the movements of the gases can be described. The model is two-dimensional nonstationary and allows the dynamic simulation of the processes of injection and extraction. The location of the wells and their flows can be thus studied and optimized to maximize the amount of the stored gases. The presented model allows the quick finding of solutions for a whole cycle of storage in a short time so that it could be used successfully in the operation process.

Contributions to risk assessment in the departments of welding mechanical engineering companies

The risk assessment professional should cover every activity and every workstation in an enterprise engineering, considering each component of the production system (the system working), each duty, work equipment and working environment. This represents an extremely complicated and complex problem because of production system that is a powerful polluting technology, especially of the atmosphere and soil. The formation of gas welding process is the result of electrodes burning, fluxes, and development of bath fused metal the welded seam. In welding processes, human operators are exposed to smoke and toxic gases, arising from the welding process, which can be dangerous to health. Many acute i…

Open Cell Al-Si Foams by a Sintering and Dissolution Process

Open cell foams from AlSi12 alloy were successfully fabricated by the Sintering and Dissolution Process, using NaCl as space holder (60 %). The size of the aluminum alloy powder is less than 45 μm, while the space holder powder size is 315-500 μm, 630-800 μm and 800-1250 μm respectively. The appropriate quantities of alloy powder and salt were mixed and cold pressed at 250 MPa. The sintering process was done at 500 °C and 545 °C, in vacuum (10-5 torr) for 10, 20 and 30 minutes respectively. The space holder was eliminated by holding the sintered samples in running hot water (70 °C). After the salt was dissolved, the samples were dried and the mass loss was analyzed. Keywords: Aluminum foam…

Contributions regarding chemical composition variation in ultrasonic field overlaying welding

Paper presents a new reconditioning method based on ultrasonic field and analyses the modificated structure composition in three zone: filler material, thermal influenced zone, and base material. Also, chemical composition variation as a result of ultrasonic wave influence is studied besides the ultrasonic wave influence on dilution process.

Researches concerning the construction of ultrasonic gas filters