0000000000076700
AUTHOR
V. B. Petkov
Underground cosmic-ray experiment EMMA
EMMA (Experiment with MultiMuon Array) is a new approach to study the composition of cosmic rays at the knee region (1 − 10 PeV). The array will measure the multiplicity and lateral distribution of the high-energy muon component of an air shower and its arrival direction on an event-by-event basis. The array operates in the Pyh¨asalmi Mine, Finland, at a depth of 75 metres (or 210 m.w.e) corresponding to the cut-off energy of approximately 50 GeV for vertical muons. The data recording with a partial array has started and preliminary results of the first test runs are presented. nonPeerReviewed
Performance of tracking stations of the underground cosmic-ray detector array EMMA
Abstract The new cosmic-ray experiment EMMA operates at the depth of 75 m (50 GeV cutoff energy for vertical muons; 210 m.w.e.) in the Pyhasalmi mine, Finland. The underground infrastructure consists of a network of eleven stations equipped with multi-layer, position-sensitive detectors. EMMA is designed for cosmic-ray composition studies around the energy range of the knee, i.e., for primary particles with energies between 1 and 10 PeV. In order to yield significant new results EMMA must be able to record data in the full configuration for about three years. The key to the success of the experiment is the performance of its tracking stations. In this paper we describe the layout of EMMA an…
Multi-pixel Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode and wavelength shifting fibre readout of plastic scintillator counters of the EMMA underground experiment
The results of a development of a scintillator counter with wavelength shifting (WLS) fibre and a multi-pixel Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode readout are presented. The photodiode has a metal-resistor-semiconductor layered structure and operates in the limited Geiger mode. The scintillator counter has been developed for the EMMA underground cosmic ray experiment.
EAS selection in the EMMA underground array
The first measurements of the Experiment with MultiMuon Array (EMMA) have been analyzed for the selection of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS). Test data were recorded with an underground muon tracking station and a satellite station separated laterally by 10 metres. Events with tracks distributed over all of the tracking detector area and even extending over to the satellite station are identified as EAS. The recorded multiplicity spectrum of the events is in general agreement with CORSIKA EAS simulation and demonstrates the array’s capability of EAS detection. peerReviewed
Muon multiplicities measured using an underground cosmic-ray array
EMMA (Experiment with Multi-Muon Array) is an underground detector array designed for cosmic-ray composition studies around the knee energy (or similar to 1 - 10 PeV). It operates at the shallow depth in the Pyhasalmi mine, Finland. The array consists of eleven independent detector stations similar to 15 m(2) each. Currently seven stations are connected to the DAQ and the rest will be connected within the next few months. EMMA will determine the multiplicity, the lateral density distribution and the arrival direction of high-energy muons event by event. The preliminary estimates concerning its performance together with an example of measured muon multiplicities are presented.