Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO2 and implications for the global CO2 budget

Quantifying the CO2 flux sustained by low-temperature fumarolic fields in hydrothermal/volcanic environments has remained a challenge, to date. Here, we explored the potential of a commercial infrared tunable laser unit for quantifying such fumarolic volcanic/hydrothermal CO2 fluxes. Our field tests were conducted between April 2013 and March 2014 at Nea Kameni (Santorini, Greece), Hekla and Krýsuvík (Iceland) and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). At these sites, the tunable laser was used to measure the path-integrated CO2 mixing ratios along cross sections of the fumaroles' atmospheric plumes. By using a tomographic post-processing routine, we then obtained, for each manifestation, the co…

Aggregation of cells isolated from vegetalized and animalized sea urchin embryos

Blastule diParacentrotus lividus trattate con LiCl (vegetalizzate) o con ZnSO4 (animalizzate) sono state disaggregate con la tecnica precedentemente descritta. Le cellule da blastule vegetalizzate si riaggregano in masse solide che non differenziano ne scheletro ne intestino. Quelle da blastule animalizzate danno origine a vescicole ciliate. Tentativi di combinazione di cellule da blastule animalizzate e vegetalizzate in un caso hanno dato origine ad aggregati con abbozzi di scheletro.

Gastrulation in sea urchin and amphibian embryos

Changes in SO2 flux degassing regime prior to the 2014 Stromboli eruption

Volcanic eruptions are often accompanied by release of huge amounts of magmatic SO2. Capturing sizeable precursory SO2 flux variations prior to eruption has revealed far more challenging, instead, in spite of the recent progresses in instrumental gas monitoring. Here, we report on the SO2 fluxes variations we detected at Stromboli volcano prior to the effusive eruption started on the 6th August 2014. The SO2 fluxes were regularly quantified at high-rate (0.5 Hz) using two fully autonomous permanent SO2 camera devices installed - within the framework the ERC-FP7 project "Bridge"- at two sites located at 0.5 km (Roccette) and 1.75 km (Sciara del Fuoco rim) distance from the crater terrace. Th…

A constitutive 70 kDa heat-shock protein is localized on the fibres of spindles and asters at metaphase in an ATP-dependent manner: A new chaperone role is proposed

In the present study, double immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis have been used to show that centrosomes, isolated from Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos at the first mitotic metaphase, contain the constitutive chaperone, heat-shock protein (HSP) 70. More specifically, we demonstrate that centrosomes contain only the HSP70-d isoform, which is one of the four isoforms identified in P. lividus . We also provide evidence that p34(cell division control kinase-2) and t complex polypeptide-1 (TCP-1) α, a subunit of the TCP-1 complex, are localized on the centrosomes. Furthermore, inhibition of TCP-1 in vivo, via microinjecting an anti-(TCP-1α) antibody into P. lividus eggs before fe…

Geothermal mercury output at Nisyros Volcano (Greece)

Nisyros (Greece) is an active volcano in the eastern part of the South Aegean Active Volcanic Arc (SAAVA), hosting a high-enthalpy geothermal system. On June 2013, an extensive survey on Hg concentrations in different types of matrices (fumarolic fluids, atmosphere, soils and plants) was carried out at Lakki plain, an area affected by widespread soil degassing and fumarolic manifestations. To investigate the spatial distribution of mercury emission and its possible relationships with diffuse degassing of hydrothermal fluids, Hg concentrations in soils were related to their physicochemical parameters (e.g. temperature, soil-pH, hydrothermal gases and elemental C, N and S concentrations). Fur…

On the incorporation of S35-methionine in artificially activated sea urchin eggs

Metionina-S35 e stata incorporata in uova vergini diParacentrotus lividus. In queste l'isotopo si trova per la piu gran parte nella frazione solubile in acido tricloracetico al 10%. Attivando le uova partenogeneticamente con acido butirrico si osserva una progressiva perdita di attivita di questa frazione ed una rapida incorporazione nei mitocondri. L'andamento del fenomeno e del tutto identico a quello gia descritto (Nakano eMonroy) nelle uova normalmente fecondate.

New clues on the contribution of Earth's volcanism to the global mercury cycle

UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island)

La riabilitazione nella ricostruzione del legamento crociato anteriore (prima parte)

Gli autori considerano la ricostruzione del L.C.A. per formulare un razionale di riabilitazione post- chirurgica che, nel rispetto delle leggi della biologia per l'attecchimneto del neolegamento, acceleri il recupero funzionale del paziente.Sottolinenano l'importanza di iniziare il porgramma riabilitativo sin dal gioro dopo l'intervento per poi proseguire rispettando le fasi ed i tempi per una corretta esecuzione dell'esercizio terapeutico.Definiscono le sequele terapeutiche ed indicano le tecniche di più frequente impiego.

Sperm activation and sperm-egg interaction

Different steps of sperm activation such as acrosomal reaction and capacitation are described in details. The molecules involved in sperm-egg interaction are also reported.

Excess volatiles supplied by mingling of mafic magma at an andesite arc volcano

We present the results of a study of volcanic gases at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, which includes the first spectroscopic measurements of the major gas species CO2 and H2S at this volcano using a Multisensor Gas Analyzer System (MultiGAS) sensor. The fluxes of CO2 and H2S were 640.2750 t/d and 84.266 t/d, respectively, during July 2008, during a prolonged eruptive pause. The flux of CO2 is similar to estimates for the entire arc from previous geochemical studies, while the measured H2S flux significantly alters our interpretation of the sulphur budget for this volcano. The fluxes of both sulphur and carbon show considerable excesses over that which can be supplied by degassing of e…

Factors which influence sperm ability to fertilize.

Different facrors influence animal sperm abiÌiry ro fertilizc- Some ofthem are revieu'ed here, spermmotiliry block to polyspermy, chemioattracrìon, sperm cornpetition lor fcrtilization. Old and new data are report-ed, as lor exanplc the new notions on sperm moriliry derived from sitc directed mutagenesis in rodents, the newnotions on thc odour receptors in m:rrnmalian sperm attr-action and ncw notions on sperm competìtion, which isvariable in diflerent species

Gas fluxes and compositions of two active volcanoes in Northern Chile: Lascar and Lastarria

The Central Andes Volcanic Zone of northern Chile comprises a ~1200 km long volcanic district extending from the Atacama region on the northe to the Arica and Parinacota region.Lascar and Lastarria are among the most actively degassing volcanoes of the several (more than 30) potentially active in the region. They both host persistent fumarolic fields and generate sustained plumes above the main craters. Here, we report on simultaneous in-situ and remote volcanic gas measurements aimed at obtaining the very first degassing budget for major volatiles released by these fumarolic fields. Using quick deployable scanning DOAS and SO2 camera systems we obtained time-averaged SO2 fluxes of ~ 500 t …

Additional file 1: of Total (fumarolicâ +â diffuse soil) CO2 output from Furnas volcano

The supplementary file is a more detailed documentation about the TDL acquisitions and data elaboration. A1. CO2 TDL-datasets. A2. Parameters used to perform sGs with CO2 concentrations TDL data and Zonal Statistic on E-Type maps. A3. Parameters used to perform sGs with soil CO2 flux data (accumulation chamber). In A1 section, each path laser-retroreflector acquisition during the campaigns carried out at Furnas Lake (Additional file 1: Table S1) and Furnas Village (Additional file 1: Table S2) is shown. In A2 section, more details about statistical approach and elaboration of data to create the distribution CO2 concentration maps are shown (Additional file 1: Tables S3, S4, and S5). Finally…

Anfibi

Unusually large magmatic CO2 gas emissions prior to a basaltic paroxysm

The low-intensity activity of basaltic volcanoes is occasionally interrupted by short-lived but energetic explosions which, whilst frequently observed, are amongst the most enigmatic volcanic events in Nature. The combination of poorly understood and deep, challenging to measure, source processes make such events currently impossible to forecast. Here we report increases in quiescent degassing CO2 emissions (>10,000 t/day) prior to a powerful explosive event on Stromboli volcano on 15 March 2007. We interpret such large CO2 flux as being sourced by passive gas leakage from a deeply (>4 km) stored magma, whose depressurization, possibly caused by the onset of an effusive eruption on 28 Febru…

Turmoil at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica): Degassing and eruptive processes inferred from high-frequency gas monitoring

OVSICORI Eruptive activity at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica) has escalated significantly since 2014, causing airport and school closures in the capital city of San José. Whether or not new magma is involved in the current unrest seems probable but remains a matter of debate as ash deposits are dominated by hydrothermal material. Here we use high‐frequency gas monitoring to track the behavior of the volcano between 2014 and 2015 and to decipher magmatic versus hydrothermal contributions to the eruptions. Pulses of deeply derived CO2‐rich gas (CO2/Stotal > 4.5) precede explosive activity, providing a clear precursor to eruptive periods that occurs up to 2 weeks before eruptions, which are acc…

[The activation of methionine for transmethylation in regenerating rat liver and hepatoma].

The activity of methionine-activating enzyme has been measured in normal and regenerating rat liver and in hepatoma cells.

First-time lidar measurement of water vapor flux in a volcanic plume

Ribosome Heterogeneity in Plant and Animal Organisms. Its Relationship to Ribosomal Ambiguity and to Ribosome Evolution

Abstract The data presented and discussed in this report summarize evidence showing that ribosomes isolated from several eucaryotic (plant and animal) organisms exhibit ample variations of the composition of their protein moiety and that the degree of dissimilarity correlates with the degree of taxonomic kinship of the organisms from which the ribosomes were derived. They also provide evidence that (a) the 80-S ribosomes isolated from the cytoplasmic matrix of higher plants and yeast and the 70-S ribosomes derived from both chloroplasts and mitochondria are endowed with highly dissimilar protein complements, (b) the organellar (67-S) ribosomes derived from the chloroplasts of more or less d…

Additional file 1: of Total (fumarolicâ +â diffuse soil) CO2 output from Furnas volcano

The supplementary file is a more detailed documentation about the TDL acquisitions and data elaboration. A1. CO2 TDL-datasets. A2. Parameters used to perform sGs with CO2 concentrations TDL data and Zonal Statistic on E-Type maps. A3. Parameters used to perform sGs with soil CO2 flux data (accumulation chamber). In A1 section, each path laser-retroreflector acquisition during the campaigns carried out at Furnas Lake (Additional file 1: Table S1) and Furnas Village (Additional file 1: Table S2) is shown. In A2 section, more details about statistical approach and elaboration of data to create the distribution CO2 concentration maps are shown (Additional file 1: Tables S3, S4, and S5). Finally…

Emission of bromine and iodine from Mount Etna volcano

Constraining fluxes of volcanic bromine and iodine to the atmosphere is important given the significant role these species play in ozone depletion. However, very few such measurements have been made hitherto, such that global volcanic fluxes are poorly constrained. Here we extend the data set of volcanic Br and I degassing by reporting the first measurements of bromine and iodine emissions from Mount Etna. These data were obtained using filter packs and contemporaneous ultraviolet spectroscopic SO2 flux measurements, resulting in time-averaged emission rates of 0.7 kt yr-1 and 0.01 kt yr-1 for Br and I, respectively, from April to October 2004, from which we estimate global Br and I fluxes …