0000000000142061
AUTHOR
Florence Fontaine
Woody Plant Declines. What’s Wrong with the Microbiome?
National audience; Woody plant (WP) declines have multifactorial determinants as well as a biological and economic reality. The vascular system of WPs involved in the transport of carbon, nitrogen, and water from sources to sinks has a seasonal activity, which places it at a central position for mediating plant–environment interactions from nutrient cycling to community assembly and for regulating a variety of processes. To limit effects and to fight against declines, we propose: (i) to consider the WP and its associated microbiota as an holobiont and as a set of functions; (ii) to consider simultaneously, without looking at what comes first, the physiological or pathogenic disorders; and (…
.) Clone-dependent expression of grapevine esca disease.
International audience; The occurrence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) increases gradually within vineyards, leading to important economic losses. Several factors could affect grapevine susceptibility to GTDs, especially climate, vine age, soil fertilization, and also rootstock, cultivar and clone. For a cultivar, the level of disease expression can vary with region and from year to year. In this context, our objective was to assess if the expression of esca disease, one of the most widespread GTDs, was also clone-dependent. Two clones (76 and 95) of the “Chardonnay” cultivar, grown in the same plot, were compared according to their developmental and physiological traits, metabolome, and…
Clone-Dependent Expression of Esca Disease Revealed by Leaf Metabolite Analysis
International audience; Grapevine trutk diseases, especially Esca, are of major concern since they gradually alter vineyards worldwide and cause heavy economic losses. The expression of Esca disease symptoms depends on several factors, including the grapevine cultivar. In this context, a possible clone-dependent expression of the Esca disease was studied. Two clones of 'Chardonnay' grown in the same plot were compared according to their developmental and physiological traits, metabolome, and foliar symptom expression. Analysis of their leaf metabolome highlighted differences related to symptom expression. Interestingly, the content of a few specific metabolites exhibited opposite variations…
L’holobionte vigne, un levier biologique pour lutter contre les dépérissements ?
National audience
L’holobionte « vigne » face au dépérissement ou quand le « vivre ensemble » n’est plus à l’équilibre
Prod 2019-165 SPE EA IPM BIOmE GenoSol INRA UB; National audience
Expression clone-dépendante de l’Esca chez la vigne
National audience; L’incidence des maladies du bois de la vigne (MDB) augmente graduellement au sein des vignobles, causant d’importantes pertes économiques. Le coût mondial du remplacement de vignes malades est estimé à plus d’1,5 milliards de dollars par an [1]. En France, presque 13% du vignoble est affecté [2]. Plusieurs facteurs pourraient influencer la sensibilité aux MDB, notamment le climat, l’âge de la vigne, la fertilisation du sol, le porte-greffe ainsi que le cépage [3]. Actuellement, aucun cépage tolérant aux MDB n’a pu être identifié et le niveau de l’expression des MDB pour un cépage donné peut varier en fonction de la région et d’une année à l’autre [3], et probablement selo…
L’holobionte vigne, un levier biologique pour lutter contre les dépérissements ?
National audience; Le concept d’organisme pluricellulaire isolé montre actuellement ses limites. En effet, unorganisme interagit avec différentes communautés microbiennes (constituant son microbiote)qui modulent ses propriétés, telles que sa physiologie (ex. réponse à une attaque pathogène).L’association hôte-microorganismes définit un holobionte, dont le fonctionnement est influencépar la dynamique spatio-temporelle de leurs interactions. Ainsi, un dysfonctionnement del’holobionte vigne (par exemple lié à des pratiques culturales inadaptées ou aux changementsclimatiques) pourrait entraîner le développement de maladies ou de désordres physiologiques,sources de dépérissements, de la même man…
Cultivar- and Wood Area-Dependent Metabolomic Fingerprints of Grapevine Infected by Botryosphaeria Dieback
International audience; Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the most significant grapevine trunk diseases that affects the sustainability of the vineyards and provokes economic losses. The causal agents, Botryosphaeriaceae species, live in and colonize the wood of the perennial organs causing wood necrosis. Diseased vines show foliar symptoms, chlorosis, or apoplexy, associated to a characteristic brown stripe under the bark. According to the susceptibility of the cultivars, specific proteins such as PR-proteins and other defense-related proteins are accumulated in the brown stripe compared with the healthy woody tissues. In this study, we enhanced the characterization of the brown stripe and …
The holobiont, a biological lever to manage some declines of grapevine
International audience; The concept of a multicellular organism to describe complex organisms composed of groups of analogous cells called tissues and organs with specific functions, shows currently some limitations. An organism such as a plant does not live alone, but closely associated with different microbial communities making up its microbiomes. The microbiomes, specific to a tissue, interact with the plant and modulate some of its functions, including physiology and immunity. The host and the associated microbiomes define a holobiont, whose function is influenced by the spatio-temporal dynamics of their interactions. Thus, a dysfunction of the grapevine holobiont (linked for example t…
Metabolomic and cytological approaches to better understand grapevine trunk diseases disorders
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are devastating diseases involving xylem-inhabiting fungi. Among them, Esca and Botryosphaeria dieback affect vineyards in major worldwide grape-producing areas. The causal fungi alter the woody issues and could produce toxins that disturb the plant physiology, leading to chronic or apolectic leaf symptoms. The unique effective fungicide against these diseases, sodium arsenite, is now prohibited because of toxicity. As GTDs are complex and still partly unknown, the identification of protection strategies remain a deadlock. Global and targeted approaches were therefore conducted to get new information on the impact of the diseases and sodium arsenite treatment…
Effect of water and heat stresses on the physiology of Ugni blanc infected by Neofusicoccum parvum
International audience; Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the most widespread and prevalent grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Europe. Symptoms include necrosis of perennial organs of grapevine while external symptoms include bud necrosis, leaf discoloration and dead arms although incidence and severity vary from year to year. The causal agents of this disease are Botryosphaeriaceae species with Neofusicoccum parvum being one of the most prevalent. Their aggressiveness were reported to be influenced by environmental factors particularly temperature increasing disease severity. Thus, our study investigated the influence of heat and water stress on the grapevine / N. parvum interaction. Cuttin…
Impact des maladies du bois sur la physiologie de la vigne
National audience; Les maladies du bois connaissent une recrudescence importante depuis ces vingt dernières années, dont en découlent de fortes répercussions économiques sur les vignobles. L’arsénite de sodium, seul produit efficace, a été employé pour lutter contre certaines d’entre elles, notamment l’esca, jusqu’en 2001, date où il fut interdit en France à cause de son action carcinogène. Faute de nouveaux composés ou de méthodes prophylactiques efficaces, le besoin d’étudier ces maladies afin de mieux comprendre leur fonctionnement et leurs répercussions chez la vigne a émergé. Dans ce projet, nous visons donc à étudier l’impact de l’esca et des dépérissements liés aux Botryosphaeriacées…
Metabolomic and cytological approaches to better understand grapevine trunk diseaeses disorders
National audience
Principaux effets de l’arsénite de sodium sur la physiologie de la vigne
National audience; Dans le cadre du projet CASDAR V1301, l’impact d’un traitement à l’arsénite de sodium sur la physiologie de la vigne a été étudié chez le Chardonnay. Deux approches complémentaires, transcriptomique et métabolomique, ont été réalisées sur différents organes (tiges herbacées et tronc en distinguant le bois sain et la zone d’interaction bois sain / bois altéré) de ceps non traités sans symptômes foliaires (témoins), non traités avec symptômes foliaires et traités (n’exprimant donc plus les symptômes et qualifiés de « guéris »). Les échantillons ont été prélevés 6 mois après le traitement (avant vendanges). Parmi les principaux résultats, l’analyse transcriptomique montre qu…