Visually produced locomotion in an autokinetic setup.

On individual ttials, 15 subjects stood G m before a minicomputer screen displaying a colon in a completely darkened room Subjects were aware that the light source wzs stationary. They were instructed to fixate the colon and to perform nonlocomotive jogging in place for 2 min. and continuously to report their sensations. Room lights were turned on after 30 sec., and subjects' deviations from their starting places were measured. All subjects had moved toward the light source (M = 4.42 m, SD = .43) although they were convinced that they had not moved. Instead, they had reported either the light source approached them or the light source became larger and/or more intense. On a second trial, su…

Anxiety, Stress, and Contingent Negative Variation Reconsidered

Anxiety and Covert Changes of Attention Control

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a research paradigm, which allows the study of covert attentional processes in threatening situations and explores their relationship to the subjective experience of anxiety. These processes mediate changes of attention control beyond awareness by influencing the selective organization of behavior. The contingent negative variation (CNV) is a surface-negative slow potential that arises in the interstimulus interval of a forewarned reaction time task, where a warning signal (S1) precedes an imperative stimulus (S2), to which an overt motor response is required. If the interstimulus interval is shorter than approximately 3 seconds, CNV appears as a cont…

Psychologische Interventionen bei demenziellen Erkrankungen

Hintergrund: In verschiedenen Krankheitsstadien einer Demenz nehmen psychologische Interventionen einen zentralen Stellenwert bei der günstigen Beeinflussung kognitiver, behavioraler und psychopathologischer Symptome ein. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Ansätze wurde bisher nicht hinreichend systematisch in randomisierten kontrollierten Studien untersucht. Methode: Zur Erfassung des Forschungsstands über evidenzbasierte psychologische Therapien bei Demenz wurde eine Recherche in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Psyndex und der Cochrane-Database durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen in die Evaluation wurden systematische Reviews, randomisierte kontrollierte Studien und kontrollierte Studien. Ergebnisse: Innerhalb der Viel…