0000000000145662
AUTHOR
Francesca Grisafi
Effects of foliar application of glycine betaine and chitosan on Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Pari, subjected to salt stress.
Introduction:Using brackish water for irrigation may expose turfgrasses to salinity stress.Employing the best treatments to maintain high-quality turfs under saline conditions is animportant requirement for turfgrass management.Methods:We tested the response of ahalophyte grass,Puccinellia distans, to irrigation with saline solutions and to foliarapplication of two osmoprotectants, such as glycine betaine (GB) or chitosan (CH). Plantswere grown in pots under controlled conditions and irrigated with 200 mM or 600 mM ofNaCl solutions. The response to salinity treatments and osmoprotectant application wasevaluated after 90 days by measuring leaffiring, leaf density, shoot length and biomass, r…
Effects of water deficit on the leaf water relations of pot-grown olive cultivars
An experiment was conducted to investigate the water relations of potted young olive trees (Olea europaea L.) cultivar ‘Biancolilla’, ‘Giarraffa’ and ‘Nocellara del Belice’ during water stress and after relief from stress. The aim was to highlight the different responses of the three cultivars and obtain a decision-making aid for planning an efficient watering schedule for potted plants grown in nurseries. Leaf water potential (Ψ), relative water content (RWC) and conductance to water vapour (gL) were measured in three-year-old plants. All three olive cultivars were able to survive the severe stress imposed by withholding water for three weeks, but gas exchange was strongly impaired and rec…
Water relations in young manna ash trees grown under drought conditions
VARIAZIONI DI ALCUNI PARAMETRI FISIOLOGICI IN OLEA EUROPAEA ‘BIANCOLILLA’ COLTIVATA IN DIFFERENTI REGIMI IRRIGUI
ECOFISIOLOGIA DELLE OLEACEAE: EFFETTI DELLO STRESS IDRICO SULLE PRINCIPALI CULTIVAR DI OLIVO DEL PANORAMA AGRICOLO SICILIANO
Le specie e le cultivar che crescono in ambiente mediterraneo rispondono in maniera diversa alle condizioni di aridita', con differenti adattamenti ecofisiologici. Sono state misurate le variazioni in alcuni parametri quali potenziale idrico fogliare, conduttanza stomatica, attività di superossido dismutasi e perossidasi, contenuto di mannitolo in differenti specie di frassino da manna e cultivar di olivo cresciute in regimi irrigui differenti.
La fitodepurazione: esperienze di laboratorio e avviamento di un impianto pilota.
La fitodepurazione è una tecnologia sempre più utilizzata ai fini del risanamento ambientale. Sono stati misurati in laboratorio alcuni parametri fisiologici (accrescimento delle radici, contenuto di pigmenti fotosintetici, attività fotosintetica, enzimi antiossidanti, contenuto di metalli pesanti) di piante di papiro allevate in soluzioni contenenti metalli pesanti a diverse concentrazioni. Contemporaneamente è stato avviato un impianto pilota di fitodepurazione con vasche contenenti esemplari di Typha latifolia e Cyperus alternifolius.
INVESTIGATION ON OLD-GROWTH FORESTS OF SICILY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Old-growth forests are natural forests that have developed over a long period of time, without experiencing severe, stand-replacing disturbance a fire, windstorm, or logging. According to UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA definition, an old-growth forest is a primary or a secondary forest which has achieved an age at which structure and species normally associated with old primary forests of that type have sufficiently accumulated to act as a forest ecosystem distinct from any younger age class. In a thematic contribution to the National Biodiversity Strategy, the authors report the following definition of Italian old-growth forests: Forest in which human disturbance is absent or negligible, and in which nat…
Effetti dell’applicazione fogliare di glicinbetaina e chitosano su Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. Sottoposta s stress salino
ALLEVAMENTO A CICLO BIOLOGICO NATURALE DI CORNU ASPERSUM (MÜLLER, 1774): PROPRIETÀ ALIMENTARI ED USI DEL SECRETO O BAVA DI LUMACA
Recovery from water stress in laurel plants: influence of short term potassium fertilization
Plant xylem hydraulic conductance varies with changes in sap solute concentrations, particularly potassium, a phenomenon known as 'ionic effect'. In well-watered Laurus nobilis plants, short term potassium fertilization increased xylem sap potassium concentration, resulting in an increase in plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant), leaf-specific conductivity of the shoot (kshoot) and transpiration rate (Eplant). The ionic effect is enhanced in embolized stems, where it can compensate the cavitation-induced loss of hydraulic conductance. The aim of this work was to test if water-stressed potassium-starved laurel plants could recover earlier from stress when irrigated with a potassium solution i…
Osservazioni al microscopio elettronico a Scansione (SEM) del rachide fogliare di palme attaccate da Punteruolo rosso
vengono mostrate e commentate le immagini al Microsopio elettronico a scansione del rachide fogliare di Phoenix canariensis attaccate dal Punteruolo rosso
THE UPTAKE OF COPPER FROM WATER BY CYPERUS ALTERNIFOLIUS L
Allevamento a ciclo biologico naturale di cornu aspersum (müller, 1774): Proprietà alimentari e usi del secreto o bava di lumaca
Some morphological, anatomical, physiological responses of different olive cultivars to high temperatures and drought stress
The aim of this work is to find relationships between morphology and physiology in three different olive cultivars: Biancolilla, Cerasuola and Nocellara del Belice, when plants were subjected to high temperature and drought. These cultivars are estensively used in Sicily for productive purposes. The results about ultrastructural and physiological studies on shoot growth, leaf anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure and oxygen production, indicate that Biancolilla is the cultivar in which the studied traits showed fewer changes and can be considered to have the best tolerance to both high temperatures and water deficit. In the other hand, the morphological and physiological characteristics studi…
Effetti dell'applicazione fogliare di glicinbetaina su Festuca arundinacea (Schreb) sottoposta a stress salino
Does short-term potassium fertilization improve recovery from drought stress in laurel?
Xylem hydraulic conductance varies in response to changes in sap solute content, and in particular of potassium (K(+)) ion concentration. This phenomenon, known as the 'ionic effect', is enhanced in embolized stems, where it can compensate for cavitation-induced loss of hydraulic conductance. Previous studies have shown that in well-watered laurel plants (Laurus nobilis L.), potassium concentration of the xylem sap and plant hydraulic conductance increased 24 h after fertilization with KCl. The aim of this work was to test whether water-stressed laurel plants, grown under low potassium availability, could recover earlier from stress when irrigated with a KCl solution instead of potassium-fr…
Short-term effects of potassium fertilization on the hydraulic conductance of Laurus nobilis L.
This study reports experimental evidence on the effect of short term potassium fertilization on potassium uptake, tissue concentration and hydraulic conductance of pot-grown laurel plants. Potassium uptake and loading into the xylem of laurel seedlings increased within 24 h from fertilization. Potassium was not accumulated in roots and leaves, but the [K+] of xylem sap was 80% higher in fertilized plants (+K) than in potassium starved plants (-K), likely as a result of recirculation between xylem and phloem. This increase in xylem sap [K+] resulted in a 45% increase in transpiration rate, a 30% increase in plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) and a 120% increase in leaf specific conductivit…
Il Ficus di Villa Garibaldi
Valutazione della resistenza allo stress salino di Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. trattata con applicazioni fogliari dell'osmoregolatore glicinbetaina
Relazioni idriche di differenti cultivar di olivo coltivate in ambiente mediterraneo
Chloramphenicol effects on adventitious root production by radish hypocotyls
Abstract The excision of the root accelerates greatly the formation of adventitious roots in the hypocotyl of etiolated radish seedlings, but if the seedlings develop in CAP 1×10−4M, no adventitious root are induced after cutting. IAA either alone or associated with CAP, significantly increases the number of primordia in normal hypocotyls if given at the moment of cutting, while it has not stimulatory effect on the hypocotyls of seedlings grown in CAP. IAA has significant effect on both elongation and tickening of hypocotyl segments prepared from seedlings grown in CAP, and this could indicate a specific action of the inhibitor either on a particular process or on particular cells. The endo…
Studi sulla resistenza alla salinità di Puccinellia distans in camera controllata
Il Ficus di Villa Garibaldi a Palermo, emblema vivente dell’Unità d’Italia
Effect of potassium fertilization on the hydraulic conductance of laurel plants
The effect of potassium fertilization on hydraulic conductance was tested in 2-year-old potted laurel seedlings, grown in a greenhouse at the Botanical Garden of Palermo. Plants were divided into a control group (+K) and a potassium starved group (-K). A set of randomly chosen -K plants received irrigation with 25 mM KCl (KCl plants) 24 hours before measurements, to test the short term effect of potassium fertilization. Measurements were carried out in July and October 2008. Whole-plant hydraulic conductance was measured by the evaporative flux method; root and shoot hydraulic conductance were measured by the vacuum chamber. Potassium availability or season did not significantly affect leaf…
Effect of salinity on Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. treated with NaCl and foliarly applied glycinebetaine
Turfgrasses general appearance is much affected by environmental stresses because the species used for this purpose are particularly exigent in terms of technical inputs and water need. In the Mediterranean area, sometimes irrigation is provided by using waste water which may contain high concentrations of dissolved salts which can cause salt stress injury and poor turf quality. Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. is a halophyte cool season grass that seems to have a high salinity tolerance when cultivated in sodic soils or in NaCl-rich hydroponic cultures. We investigated the response of P. distans to salinity in a soil culture in a controlled growth environment. The effect of different concent…
A comparison of growth, gas exchange and productivity in Olea europaea cultivars growing on Mediterranean hills.
This work concerns the ecophysiology of olive cultivars growing on Mediterranean hills. Our aim was to quantify the photosynthetic efficiency of the cultivars in cultivation. In two hill areas, we tested the phenological and ecophysio- logical variability of olive cultivars grown on non-irrigated land, with different pedo-climatic characteristics. Cultivation area 1 falls within a natural protected area, while area 2 is on farming land. The cultivars selected (‘Biancolilla’, ‘Nocellara del Belice’ and ‘Giarraffa’) belong to the local genetic pool and require different amounts of water. We followed the phe- nological phases of shoot growth and drupe production. We studied leaf anatomy and ch…
RAPID DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF PHILLYREA LATIFOLIA L. BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY WITH SOLID- PHASE MICROEXTRACTION.
Effects of water stress on Sicilian olive cultivars.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the water relations of potted young olive trees (Olea europaea L.) cultivar ‘Biancolilla’, ‘Giarraffa’ and ‘Nocellara del Belice’ during water stress and after relief from stress. The aim was to highlight the different responses of the three cultivars and obtain a decision-making aid for planning an efficient watering schedule for potted plants grown in nurseries. Leaf water potential (Ψ), relative water content (RWC) and conductance to water vapour (gL) were measured in three-year-old plants. All three olive cultivars were able to survive the severe stress imposed by withholding water for three weeks, but gas exchange was strongly impaired and rec…
Notizie botaniche sul Ficus macrophylla
Project and start up of a pilot phytoremediation system.
Tamarix arborea var. arborea and Tamarix parviflora: Two species valued for their adaptability to stress conditions.
The choice of stress resistant and highly adaptable species is a fundamental step for landscaping and ornamental purposes in arid and coastal environments such as those in the Mediterranean basin. The genus Tamarix L. includes about 90 species with a high endurance of adversity. We investigated the water relations and photosynthetic response of Tamarix arborea (Sieb. ex Ehrenb.) Bge. var. arborea and T. parviflora DC. growing in an urban environment. Both species showed no evidence of drought or salt stress in summer, and appeared to follow two strategies with T. arborea var. arborea investing in high carbon gain at the beginning of the summer, and then reducing photosynthetic activity at t…
Effectiveness of glycinebetaine foliar application in relieving salt stress symptoms in two turf-grasses
Salinity is one of the problems that has to be dealt with in turf-grass management, due both to restrictions in freshwater use for landscape irrigation and exposition to salt stress in coastal areas. This has led to the need to select salinity tolerant genotypes and test management practices, such as the application of osmoprotectants, in order to maintain turf quality at acceptable costs. We compared the effects of irrigation with 600 mM NaCl and glycinebetaine (GB) application for 8 weeks on pot-grown weeping alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). We selected two easily assessable parameters, total clippings fresh weight and chlorophyll…
Assorbimento di saccarosio in ipocotili di ravanello (Raphanus sativus L.)
Abstract In questo lavoro abbiamo determinato le caratteristiche di entrata del saccarosio in funzione della sua concentrazione esterna, incubando i pezzi in saccarosio triziato, in condizioni normali e di stress osmotico. Nelle parti apicali l'assorbimento di saccarosio esogeno e lineare in presenza di basse concentrazioni mentre non lo e ad alte concentrazioni. Per quanto riguarda le parti basali la linearita si mantiene per tutte le concentrazioni; inoltre nelle parti apicali l'assorbimento e maggiore che nelle basali e la differenza aumenta all' aumentare delle concentrazioni di saccarosio esterno. Abbiamo poi studiato l'assunzione di saccarosio con osmotici diversi in cui fosse present…