Dual-polarization-pump CW laser operation in Nd3+:LiNbO3 channel waveguides fabricated by reverse proton exchange

Abstract In this work, continuous-wave laser action at 1084.5 nm at room temperature in LiNbO 3 :Nd 3+ channel waveguides, fabricated by reverse proton exchange (RPE), is reported. The sample was pumped at λ  = 808 nm in either σ or π-polarized configurations, TE- and TM-pumping schemes, being the laser emission π-polarized at all power levels. The laser characteristics, as function of the pumping scheme (TE or TM), have been obtained. In both cases, the laser emission was stable, without any reduction in the output power even under continuous pump operation at maximum power at room temperature, indicating high resistance to photorefractive damage.

Multi-line NIR-RGB emission in Nd:LiNbO3 RPE optical waveguides

Simultaneous generation of four spectral emission lines has been achieved in Nd-doped lithium niobate reverse proton exchange optical waveguide cavities. Using a pump at 800 nm, the four lines were found and they are due to lasing at 1.3735 combined with parametric conversion at 0.687, 0.574 and 0.4 mum.

Modelling of Laser Operation in RPE Nd3+:LiNbO3 Channel Waveguides

In this work, laser action in RPE Nd3+:LiNbO3 is modelled by using the overlapping integrals method. Different pumping schemes, TE or TM, have been considered in order to reproduce the experimental measurements. Calculated results indicate that the slope efficiency remains basically independent on the pumping scheme while the threshold pump power increases for TE pumping.

Fabrication and Characterisation of Reverse Proton Exchange Optical Waveguides in Neodymium Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals

In this work, the complete fabrication process which combines Proton Exchange (PE) and Reverse Proton Exchange (RPE) in Neodymium doped LiNbO3 channel waveguides is reported. To produce the PE-RPE channel waveguides the fabrication of dielectric SiO2 masks had to be implemented. For this propose, we adopted a technique based on the Ion Plating Plasma Assisted Deposition of SiO2 followed by the standard ultraviolet photolithographic patterning. On the other hand, we determined the main optical and spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ ions in the channel waveguides including the study of the lifetime as function as the polarisation.

RANDOMIZED PHASE II STUDY OF FIRST-LINE EVEROLIMUS (EVE) + BEVACIZUMAB (BEV) VERSUS INTERFERON ALFA-2A (IFN) + BEV IN PATIENTS (PTS) WITH METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (MRCC): RECORD-2

ABSTRACT Background Study results demonstrated that IFN augments BEV activity and improves median PFS in pts with mRCC. Thus, combination BEV + IFN is a standard first-line treatment option for mRCC. Combining BEV with the mTOR inhibitor EVE may be an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option. The open-label, phase II RECORD-2 trial compared first-line EVE + BEV and IFN + BEV in mRCC. Patients and methods: Therapy-naive pts with clear cell mRCC and prior nephrectomy were randomized 1:1 to BEV 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks with either EVE 10 mg oral daily or IFN (9 MIU SC 3 times/week, if tolerated). Tumour assessments were every 12 weeks. Primary objective was treatment effect on progress…

Imaginary distance BPM as an efficient tool for modelling optical waveguide fabrication by ion diffusion