0000000000160736
AUTHOR
Gonzalo Musitu
Ajuste psicosocial en agresores, víctimas puras y víctimas agresivas en la escuela.
En el presente estudio se examinan las diferencias entre cuatro categorías de adolescentes –agresores, víctimas puras, víctimas agresivas y estudiantes no implicados en problemas comportamentales o de victimización en la escuela– en relación con la autoestima, la sintomatología depresiva, el estrés percibido, el sentimiento de soledad, y una medida general de satisfacción con la vida. Los participantes fueron 1.319 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años (47% chicos) y escolarizados en siete centros públicos de enseñanza secundaria ubicados en Valencia (España). Los análisis de varianza indicaron la existencia de diferencias significativas entre las cuatro categorías…
Macrosocial determinants of social integration: Social class and area effect
Theory and research on social support have paid little attention to the existence of important macrosocial variables determining level and content of social relationships. This study examines variations in social integration as a function of social class and residential area characteristics. Results for 234 subjects living in high and low risk neighbourhoods indicated that differences between higher and lower social class groups follow different patterns in different residential areas. Also, same social class position appeared to have different significance as a function of residential area characteristics. The levels of three social integration measures—community integration and satisfacti…
Funcionamiento familiar, autoestima y consumo de sustancias en adolescentes: un modelo de mediación Family functioning, self-esteem and substance use in adolescents: a mediational model
OBJETIVO: Analizar las relaciones directas e indirectas entre el funcionamiento familiar, la autoestima considerada desde una perspectiva multidimensional (autoestima familiar, escolar, social y física) y el consumo de sustancias. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los datos se recogieron durante el año escolar 2003-2004 y corresponden a dos muestras independientes de adolescentes españoles (n1= 414, Castilla y León; n2= 625, Comunidad Valenciana). Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la técnica estadística de ecuaciones estructurales y se siguió el procedimiento de análisis de efectos mediadores de Holmbeck (1997). RESULTADOS: La autoestima media significativamente la influencia del funcionamiento famili…
Individual and social risk factors related to overt victimization in a sample of Spanish adolescents.
This study analyzes the role of adolescents' self-esteem, loneliness, sociometric status, and perceptions of family and classroom environment on overt vicitimization by peers in a sample of 1,319 Spanish adolescents (48% boys and 52% girls), ages 11 to 16 years ( M = 13.7, SD = 1.5). The findings from structural equation modeling suggest that adolescents' self-esteem, loneliness, and sociometric status had a significant direct effect on overt victimization by peers, and adolescents' perceptions of family and classroom environment had a significant indirect effect on peer overt victimization mediated by self-esteem, loneliness, and sociometric status. The findings are discussed with the con…
Psychometric analysis of the Scale of Teacher´s Perception of School Adjustment (PROF-A)
Teacher' perception of their students' school adjustment can be an important indicator of psychosocialwell-being and provide useful information for the development of interventions to improve theirpsychosocial adjustment. This is the reason why it is essential within the school adjustment to consider notonly students' academic achievement but also their level of social integration in the classroom, the qualityof their relationship with the teacher, and the level of family involvement in their education. The objectiveof this research is to provide a reliable instrument for measuring a full school adjustment and analyze itsrelationship with two important indicators of psychosocial adjustment,…
The relationships of family and classroom environments with peer relational victimization: An analysis of their gender differences
This study analyzes the relationships of adolescents' perceptions of their family and classroom environments with peer relational victimization, taking into account that these relationships could be mediated by adolescents' self-esteem, feelings of loneliness, and sociometric status. These relationships, and their possible gender differences, were analyzed in a sample of 1319 Spanish adolescents (48% boys and 52% girls), ages 11 to 16 years (M= 13.7,SD= 1.5). A structural equation modeling was calculated for boys and girls separately. The findings suggested that the adolescents' self-esteem, loneliness, and sociometric status had a significant direct effect on peer relational victimization …
The relationships of adolescent school‐related deviant behaviour and victimization with psychological distress: Testing a general model of the mediational role of parents and teachers across groups of gender and age
Deviant behaviour and victimization at school have been consistently related to poor psychological adjustment in adolescents. This research explores the mediating role that parents and teachers have in adolescent psychological distress in 973 Spanish students aged 11-16 years old. Structural equation analyses results showed that adolescent deviant behaviour and victimization were positively related to psychological distress as seen by the total effects. However, while victimization was directly related to psychological distress, the association of deviant behaviour and psychological distress was mediated by adolescent-parent communication and adolescent-teacher relationships. Multigroup ana…
Relaciones familiares, rechazo entre iguales y violencia escolar
ResumenEl objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias en las relaciones familiares (apoyo parental, comunicacion familiar y violencia parental) entre adolescentes rechazados por su grupo de iguales que se implican en conductas violentas en la escuela (rechazados agresivos), adolescentes rechazados que no participan en comportamientos violentos en la escuela (rechazados no-agresivos) y adolescentes no-rechazados y no-agresivos (grupo control). Los participantes del estudio fueron 843 adolescentes de entre 11 y 16 anos (edad media: 13,7), de los cuales el 47% son chicos y el 53% chicas, escolarizados en cuatro centros de la Comunidad Valenciana. Los instrumentos utiliz…
Apoyo social, estrés y depresión: un análisis causal del efecto supresor
ResumenEste trabajo analiza la relacion del apoyo social con la depresion a traves de su efecto supresor de los eventos vitales estresantes. Este efecto postula que el apoyo social influye directamente en la depresion, e indirectamente a traves de la reduccion del nivel de eventos vitales estresantes (Lin, 1986) que a su vez fomentan la depresion. La muestra la constituyen 780 sujetos en quienes se obtuvieron los niveles de integracion comunitaria, depresion, eventos vitales estresantes y autoestima familiar en dos ocasiones con un lapso temporal de seis meses. Los resultados del analisis causal realizado utilizando el programa EQS (Bentler, 1992) indican que cuando se controla el efecto de…
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the “Autoconcepto Forma 5” Questionnaire in Young Adults from Spain and Chile
The aim of this work is to examine the pentafactorial validity of the AF5 Self-Concept Questionnaire in Spanish and Chilean young adults. From the responses of a total of 4,383 young adults aged 17 to 22 years (1,918 Spanish, 44%, and 2,465 Chilean, 56%) it was analyzed the reliability of the instrument, the compared validity of the 5 oblique factor model proposed by the authors versus the unifactorial and the orthogonal alternative models, and was studied the invariance of one Chilean sample. The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the authors' pentafactorial model. The multi-group factorial invariance showed that Chilean sample of the AF5 does not change neither the Spanish …
Validación de la escala de victimización entre adolescentes a través del teléfono móvil y de internet
OBJETIVO: Validar la Escala de Victimizacion entre Adolescentes a traves del Telefono Movil y de Internet (CYBVIC), analizando sus propiedades psicometricas. METODOS: Se realizo un estudio transversal descriptivo en el que participaron dos muestras independientes de adolescentes de ambos sexos, de entre 11 y 19 anos. La primera muestra estuvo constituida por 1 934 adolescentes espanoles, y la segunda por 1 483 adolescentes mexicanos. Se realizo un analisis factorial exploratorio de la escala con la primera muestra, y un analisis factorial confirmatorio con la segunda. Tambien se llevaron a cabo analisis multigrupo, analisis de fiabilidad y analisis de las correlaciones de las dimensiones de…
Funcionamiento familiar, autoestima y consumo de sustancias en adolescentes: un modelo de mediación
Objective This research analyzes the direct and indirect relationships among family functioning, multidimensional self-esteem (family, academic, social, and physical self-esteem) and substance use. Materials and methods The study participants were composed of two independent samples of Spanish adolescents who provided information during the 2003-2004 academic year (n1 = 414, Castilla and Leon; n2 = 625, Comunidad Valenciana). The statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling and the procedure of mediation effects analysis (Holmbeck, 1997). Results Results showed a significant mediational effect of self-esteem on the relation between family functioning and adolesc…
Autoestima y depresión: relaciones directas versus indirectas
ResumenEste trabajo analiza la relacion entre la autoestima y la depresion. Debido a que la formacion de la autoestima reside fundamentalmente en procesos de interaccion social (Cooley, 1902; Baldwin, 1908; Mead, 1934), la configuracion de la autoestima se realiza en funcion de los distintos ambitos o contextos en los que interactua el individuo, creando de este modo diferentes aspectos o dimensiones de autoevaluacion. Desde nuestra orientacion teorica, la relacion de la autoestima con la depresion depende de la dimension que se analice: se observara una relacion directa en aquellos aspectos del self muy vinculados al rol social preferente mientras que se observara una relacion indirecta -m…
Social isolation from communities and child maltreatment: a cross-cultural comparison.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine: (1) the differences between Spanish and Colombian cultures in relation to community social support variables, and (2) the relationships between community social support variables and child maltreatment in both cultures. Method: The study was based on 670 nonabusive families and 166 abusive families. The parents were asked to complete the Community Social Support Questionnaire. This instrument measures community social support in terms of Community Integration and Satisfaction, membership in voluntary organizations and community participation, and use of Community Resources of Social Support. Results: Differences between both cultures were fo…
Psychometric analysis of the Scale of Teacher's Perception of School Adjustment (PROF-A)
La percepción del profesor del ajuste escolar de sus alumnos puede ser un importante indicador de su bienestar psicosocial y aportar información útil para el desarrollo de intervenciones encaminadas a mejorar su ajuste psicosocial. No obstante, para ello es fundamental considerar dentro del ajuste escolar no sólo el rendimiento académico del alumno sino también su nivel de integración social en el aula, la calidad de su relación con el profesor y el grado de implicación familiar en su educación. El objetivo de esta investigación es aportar un instrumento fiable para una medición completa del ajuste escolar y analizar su relación con dos importantes indicadores de ajuste psicosocial, el auto…
Cyberbullying aggressors among Spanish secondary education students: an exploratory study
Purpose– This paper aims to explore the prevalence rate of adolescents engaging in aggressive behaviours towards their peers using the Internet and mobile phones, while examining the duration and intensity of this cyberbullying, and to analyse differences in cyberbullying behaviours based on gender and age (academic grades). Research on cyberbullying indicates that it is a global problem that is increasing dramatically among adolescents.Design/methodology/approach– The sample was composed of 1,415 Spanish adolescents of both sexes (760 boys and 655 girls) between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.9 years old; SD = 1.4).Findings– The results indicated that the cyberbullying prevalence among adoles…
Parental communication and life satisfaction in adolescence.
This study aims to analyze the influence of communication with the mother and father on adolescents¿ life satisfaction, as well as possible indirect effects through self-esteem, feelings of loneliness, and perceived classroom environment. These relationships, and possible gender differences, were analyzed in a sample of 1,795 adolescents (52% male, 48% female) aged 11 to 18 years-old (M = 14.2, SD = 1.68), using structural equation modeling. Results indi- cate a direct effect of communication-mother (girls: ß = .19, p < .001; boys: ß = .16, p < .05) and communication-father (girls: ß = .22, p < .001; boys: ß = .17, p < .05) on adolescent life satisfaction; and also indirect effects through …
Familia y psicología social: una relación sin formalizar
ResumenEn este articulo se reflexiona sobre la escasa atencion que la psicologia social ha prestado tradicionalmente a la familia. En primer lugar, se analiza si la familia esta presente en los terrenos que tradicionalmenteacota la psicologia social. En segundo lugar se realiza un estudio cuantitativoy cualitativos de la categoria “familia” en el Psychological Abstracts. En tercer lugar se hace una revision de la principales areas de investigacion que han configurado el estudio de la familia en las ciencias sociales. Se constata que aunque la relacion de la familia y la psicologia social no se ha formalizado o institucionalizado (en terminos de su presencia en manuales o en su formato como …
Victimization, loneliness, overt and relational violence at the school from a gender perspective
This ex post facto study analyzes both the direct relationships between victimization and overt and relational violent behavior of students adolescents as the indirect relationships between these variables through the classroom environment, the loneliness, the nonconformist ideal reputation and transgression of social norms. The sample consisted of 1,795 adolescents (48% females) aged 11 to 18 years (M = 14.2, SD = 1.68). We used a structural equation model to analyze the effect of classroom environment and victimization in violent manifest and relational behavior. The results found that a direct positive relationship between victimization and relational violent behavior and a direct negati…
La evaluación de la socialización familiar: ESPA29
Traditionally, family socialization has been conceptualized as an important correlate of psychological well-being and a basic theoretical construct for explaining adjusted and adaptive behaviors into society. The assessment of the socialization process requires of a theoretical perspective that conceptualizes how parents can influence their children. Based on the classic two-dimensional model of socialization, with the dimensions of acceptance/involvement and strictness/imposition, four parenting styles were defined: indulgent, authoritative, neglectful and authoritarian. The ESPA29 scale is suitable for evaluation of family socialization.
Family Relationships and Cyberbullying
This chapter analyzes the relationship between family and cyberbullying, a type of technological harassment among peers which is of growing concern in the scientific community and in today’s society. First, this chapter discusses factors associated with family functioning that may predict cyberbullying, particularly the family climate (cohesion, expressivity, and conflict) and parent–children communication. It also examines the role of parental socialization styles and their continuity with parental styles on the Internet: authoritarian style, laissez-faire, permissive and authoritative. In relation to parental styles, one section in this chapter describes the parental monitoring of Interne…
Funcionamiento y comunicación familiar y consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia: el rol mediador del apoyo social
ResumenEn el presente estudio se analiza el apoyo social como un recurso protector para el ajuste de los adolescentes. Concretamente, se estudian tanto los efectos directos como los mediadores del apoyo social entre las caracteristicas de funcionamiento y comunicacion familiar y el consumo de sustancias de los adolescentes. Con este objetivo, 431 chicos y chicas de 15 a 17 anos cumplimentaron una bateria de instrumentos para la medida de las variables de funcionamiento y comunicacion familiar, apoyo social percibido y la estimacion de consumo de sustancias. Los resultados muestran que el apoyo procedente del padre predice negativamente el consumo mientras que el procedente de la pareja del …
Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Ajuste Escolar Percibido por el Profesor (PROF-A)
La percepción del profesor del ajuste escolar de sus alumnos puede ser un importante indicador de su bienestar psicosocial y aportar información útil para el desarrollo de intervenciones encaminadas a mejorar su ajuste psicosocial. No obstante, para ello es fundamental considerar dentro del ajuste escolar no sólo el rendimiento académico del alumno sino también su nivel de integración social en el aula, la calidad de su relación con el profesor y el grado de implicación familiar en su educación. El objetivo de esta investigación es aportar un instrumento fiable para una medición completa del ajuste escolar y analizar su relación con dos importantes indicadores de ajuste psicosocial, el auto…
Reputation, loneliness, satisfaction with life and aggressive behavior in adolescence
The present study analyses the relationship between adolescents' perception of reputation and aggressive behavior among peers. The sample is made up of 1319 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years old. Statistical analyses with structural equation modeling were carried out to examine the direct and indirect effect of perception of reputation (real and ideal) on aggressive behavior. Results indicate that adolescents' real and ideal reputations are related both directly and indirectly to aggressive behavior. The indirect effects suggest that loneliness and life satisfaction mediate the relationship between adolescents' reputation and their aggressive behavior. These findings and their implications ar…
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Autoridad Institucional en adolescentes (AAI-A)
Las actitudes de los adolescentes hacia la autoridad institucional se relacionan con su implicación en comportamientos transgresores y con conductas de riesgo tales como el consumo de sustancias o las conductas predelictivas. Las actitudes que mantienen hacia profesores, policía, escuela y leyes constituyen, por tanto, una variable relevante en el estudio del ajuste psicosocial de los adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de aportar un instrumento fiable para la medición de estas actitudes, analizando las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Autoridad Ins-titucional en adolescentes (AAI-A). La estructura factorial de esta escala es analizada mediante anális…