Spatio-temporal cluster detection of chickenpox in Valencia, Spain in the period 2008-2012.
Chickenpox is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by <em>Varicella zoster</em>, which affects nearly all non-immune children worldwide with an annual incidence estimated at 80-90 million cases. To analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of the chickenpox incidence in the city of Valencia, Spain two complementary statistical approaches were used. First, we evaluated the existence of clusters and spatio-temporal interaction; secondly, we used this information to find the locations of the spatio-temporal clusters via the space-time permutation model. The first method used detects any aggregation in our data but does not provide the spatial and temporal information. The second me…
Procedimento estratégico em três estágios de seleção de variáveis para a obtenção de resultados equilibrados na pesquisa em saúde pública
Multidisciplinary research in public health is approached using methods from many scientific disciplines. One of the main characteristics of this type of research is dealing with large data sets. Classic statistical variable selection methods, known as “screen and clean”, and used in a single-step, select the variables with greater explanatory weight in the model. These methods, commonly used in public health research, may induce masking and multicollinearity, excluding relevant variables for the experts in each discipline and skewing the result. Some specific techniques are used to solve this problem, such as penalized regressions and Bayesian statistics, they offer more balanced results a…
Accounting for previous events to model and predict traffic accidents at the road segment level: A study in Valencia (Spain)
Abstract Predicting the occurrence of traffic accidents is essential for establishing preventive measures and reducing the impact of traffic accidents. In particular, it is fundamental to make predictions using fine spatio-temporal units. In this paper, the daily risk of traffic accident occurrence across the road network of Valencia (Spain) is modeled through logistic regression models. The spatio-temporal dependence between the observations is accounted for through the inclusion of lagged binary covariates representing the previous occurrence of a traffic accident within a spatio-temporal window centered at each combination of day and segment of the network. A temporal distance of 28 days…
A multi-scale area-interaction model for spatio-temporal point patterns
Models for fitting spatio-temporal point processes should incorporate spatio-temporal inhomogeneity and allow for different types of interaction between points (clustering or regularity). This paper proposes an extension of the spatial multi-scale area-interaction model to a spatio-temporal framework. This model allows for interaction between points at different spatio-temporal scales and the inclusion of covariates. We fit the proposed model to varicella cases registered during 2013 in Valencia, Spain. The fitted model indicates small scale clustering and regularity for higher spatio-temporal scales.
Professional counseling in women with serious mental illness: achieving a shift toward a more effective contraceptive method.
Mental disorders in reproductive-aged women have significant implications for the risk of unintended pregnancies. The objective of this study is to assess the professional counseling in clinical practice based on motivational interview in women with serious mental illness (SMI) in order to achieve a change to a more effective contraceptive method.A prospective observational cohort study (2012-2017) was conducted in a convenience sample of women with severe-moderate psychiatric disorders (After evidence-based counseling, 51.6% of participants changed their contraceptive method to a more effective one. This change was associated with gender violence (β coefficient = 1.58,Evidence-based contra…
Association of Vitamin K and Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulant Use and Cancer Incidence in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
The association between the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and cancer risk reduction remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between the use of VKAs or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and the incidence of cancer in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by means of a population-based, propensity-weighted cohort study using population-wide databases including patients diagnosed with nonvalvular AF (NVAF) followed for up of 5 years (median 2.94 years). We created two cohorts based on the initiation therapy (VKA or DOAC). Initiation with VKA or DOAC was defined as filling a prescription with no previous exposure in the preceding 12 months. Cancer diagnoses…
6P 25-year survival and benefit from tamoxifen therapy by the clinically used breast cancer markers in lymph node-negative and ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer
Noise Disturbances and Calls for Police Service in València (Spain): A Logistic Model with Spatial and Temporal Effects
The purpose of this paper is to explore the presence of spatial and temporal effects on the calls for noise disturbance service reported to the Local Police of Valè
Energy intensity modeling for wastewater treatment technologies.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are energy intensive facilities; therefore increased pressure has been placed on managers and policy makers to reduce the facilities' energy use. Several studies were conducted to compare the energy intensity (EI) of WWTPs, which showed large dispersion in EI among the facilities. In the present study, the degree EI influenced WWTPs was tested using a set of technical variables by modeling the EI of a 305 WWTP sample grouped into five secondary treatment technologies. Results indicated the following two major findings: i) WWTPs using conventional activated sludge, extended aeration, trickling biofilters, and biodisks exhibited significant economies of sca…
InnoCOVID-19: Primer congreso multidisciplinar Innocampus
[EN] The main objective of the educational innovation project Innocampus Explora is to show the existing interrelationship between the different scientific and technical degrees of Burjassot-Paterna campus of the University of Valencia. In this paper we present the InnoCOVID-19 Congress, activity organized during the 2020-21 academic year by the work team, made up of students and professors from all the Campus faculties.The objective of this conference, developed in virtual format, was to present the multidisciplinary projects that were formed on campus in response to the health crisis caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This activity contributes to a quality transversal training for all …
Detecting spatio-temporal mortality clusters of European countries by sex and age.
[EN] Background: Mortality decreased in European Union (EU) countries during the last century. Despite these similar trends, there are still considerable differences in the levels of mortality between Eastern and Western European countries. Sub-group analysis of mortality in Europe for different age and sex groups is common, however to our knowledge a spatio-temporal methodology as in this study has not been applied to detect significant spatial dependence and interaction with time. Thus, the objective of this paper is to quantify the dynamics of mortality in Europe and detect significant clusters of mortality between European countries, applying spatio-temporal methodology. In addition, th…
COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group
AbstractBackgroundThe current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a great impact worldwide. Healthcare workers play an essential role and are one of the most exposed groups. Information about the psychosocial impact on healthcare workers is limited.Methods3109 healthcare workers completed a national, internet-based, cross-sectional 45-item survey between 9 and 19 April 2020. The objective is to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish healthcare workers. A Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score (PSAS) was defined combining four modified versions of validated psychological assessment tests (A) Healthcare Stressful Test, (B) Coping Strategies Inventory, (C…
Innocampus Explora: Una aproximación multidisciplinar a la problemática ambiental
[ES] Presentamos las actividades del proyecto de innovación Innocampus Explora desarrollado en el campus de Burjassot-Paterna de la Universitat de València y cuyo objetivo principal es mostrar la interrelación existente entre los diferentes grados científicos y técnicos del campus. En la presente anualidad, el equipo de trabajo integrado por estudiantes y profesores de todos las facultades y escuelas del campus de Burjassot-Paterna, ha desarrollado actividades en torno a la problemática medioambiental. Una visión transversal e interdisciplinar de los problemas de los usos del plástico y de la energía nuclear que enlaza con varios de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) dictados por …
Second‐order analysis of marked inhomogeneous spatiotemporal point processes: Applications to earthquake data
To analyse interactions in marked spatio-temporal point processes (MSTPPs), we introduce marked second-order reduced moment measures and K-functions for inhomogeneous second-order intensity reweigh ...
The second-order analysis of marked spatio-temporal point processes, with an application to earthquake data
To analyse interaction in marked spatio-temporal point processes (MSTPPs), we introduce marked (cross) second-order reduced moment measures and K-functions for general inhomogeneous second-order intensity reweighted stationary MSTPPs. These summary statistics, which allow us to quantify dependence between different mark categories of the points, are depending on the specific mark space and mark reference measure chosen. We also look closer at how the summary statistics reduce under assumptions such as the MSTPP being multivariate and/or stationary. A new test for independent marking is devised and unbiased minus-sampling estimators are derived for all statistics considered. In addition, we …
Space-time airborne disease mapping applied to detect specific behaviour of varicella in Valencia, Spain.
Airborne diseases are one of humanity's most feared sicknesses and have regularly caused concern among specialists. Varicella is an airborne disease which usually affects children before the age of 10. Because of its nature, varicella gives rise to interesting spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal patterns. This paper studies spatio-temporal exploratory analysis tools to detect specific behaviour of varicella in the city of Valencia, Spain, from 2008 to 2013. These methods have shown a significant association between the spatial and the temporal component, confirmed by the space-time models applied to the data. High relative risk of varicella is observed in economically disadvantaged region…
Trends in Incidence and Transmission Patterns of COVID-19 in Valencia, Spain
Importance Limited information on the transmission and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 at the city scale is available. Objective To describe the local spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Valencia, Spain. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center epidemiological cohort study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 was performed at University General Hospital in Valencia (population in the hospital catchment area, 364 000), a tertiary hospital. The study included all consecutive patients with COVID-19 isolated at home from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on February 19 until August 31, 2020. Exposures Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by the presence of IgM antibodies or a positive polymerase chain reacti…