0000000000175738
AUTHOR
Antti Mero
The effects of whey protein with or without carbohydrates on resistance training adaptations
Background: Nutrition intake in the context of a resistance training (RT) bout may affect body composition and muscle strength. However, the individual and combined effects of whey protein and carbohydrates on long-term resistance training adaptations are poorly understood. Methods: A four-week preparatory RT period was conducted in previously untrained males to standardize the training background of the subjects. Thereafter, the subjects were randomized into three groups: 30 g of whey proteins (n = 22), isocaloric carbohydrates (maltodextrin, n = 21), or protein + carbohydrates (n = 25). Within these groups, the subjects were further randomized into two whole-body 12-week RT regimens aimin…
Nopeuskestävyyden harjoittelu johdetaan lajianalyysistä.
Nopeuskestävyysharjoittelua vaaditaan monissa urheilulajeissa. Erityisen keskeistä se on useissa yksilölajeissa, kuten juoksu, uinti ja pikaluistelu. Edelleen joukkuelajeissa kuten jääkiekossa ja jalkapallossa vaaditaan nopeuskestävyysharjoittelua, mutta lajien luonne on erilainen kuin yksilölajeissa. Yksilölajeissa kilpailusuoritus on yleensä yksi maksimaalinen suoritus, mutta esim. jääkiekossa ottelu kestää 60 minuuttia ja jäällä pelaaja on useita noin 40 sekunnin jaksoja. Siten nopeuskestävyyden luonne on erilainen. Tässä työssä on tarkoitus kuvata miten yksilölajissa (400 m:n juoksu) nopeuskestävyysharjoittelu johdetaan lajianalyysistä ja mitkä ovat nopeuskestävyysharjoittelun tutkimuks…
SPORT CITY BRANDING OF A MID-SIZED CITY IN FINLAND
Zbog rastuće globalne konkurencije među gradovima brending je od nedavno postao važan element gradskih strategija. Rad prikazuje kako dionici marke doživljavaju sportsku marku Jyväskyläe, grada srednje veličine u Finskoj. Autori su proveli dubinske intervjue s jedanaest gradskih dužnosnika i sportskih menadžera koji su utjecali na sportsku marku grada Jyväskyläe. Prema rezultatima istraživanja, ispitanici smatraju kako Jyväskylä ima snažan imidž grada sporta. On počiva na sportskom obrazovanju, sportskim događanjima, jakim sportskim klubovima i aktivnom građanstvu. Rezultati pokazuju da bi sport, a posebno sportska događanja, mogli biti ključan element u razvoju imidža marke grada Jyväskylä…
Autophagy is induced by resistance exercise in young men but unfolded protein response is induced regardless of age
Aim Autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) appear to be important for skeletal muscle homoeostasis and may be altered by exercise. Our aim was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise and training on indicators of UPR and autophagy in healthy untrained young men (n = 12, 27 ± 4 years) and older men (n = 8, 61 ± 6 years) as well as in resistance‐trained individuals (n = 15, 25 ± 5 years). Methods Indicators of autophagy and UPR were investigated from the muscle biopsies after a single resistance exercise bout and after 21 weeks of resistance training. Results Lipidated LC3II as an indicator of autophagosome content increased at 48 hours post‐resistance exercise (P < .05) and …
Effects of Water Immersion Methods on Postexercise Recovery of Physical and Mental Performance
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 water immersion interventions performed after active recovery compared with active recovery only on physical and mental performance measures and physiological responses. The subjects were physically active men (age 20–35 years, mean ± SD 26 ± 3.7 years). All subjects performed a short-term exercise protocol, including maximal jumps and sprinting. Four different recovery methods (10 minutes) were used in random order: cold water immersion (CWI, 10° C), thermoneutral water immersion (TWI, 24° C), and contrast water therapy (CWT, alternately 10° C and 38° C). All these methods were performed after an active recovery (10-minute bicycle…
Water immersion methods do not alter muscle damage and inflammation biomarkers after high-intensity sprinting and jumping exercise
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three water immersion interventions performed after active recovery compared to active recovery only on the resolution of inflammation and markers of muscle damage post-exercise. Methods Nine physically active men (n = 9; age 20‒35 years) performed an intensive loading protocol, including maximal jumps and sprinting on four occasions. After each trial, one of three recovery interventions (10 min duration) was used in a random order: cold-water immersion (CWI, 10 °C), thermoneutral water immersion (TWI, 24 °C), contrast water therapy (CWT, alternately 10 °C and 38 °C). All of these methods were performed after an active recovery (1…
Dietary acid load and renal function have varying effects on blood acid-base status and exercise performance across age and gender
Diet composition influences acid-base status of the body. This may become more relevant as renal functional capacity declines with aging. We examined the effects of low (LD) versus high dietary acid load (HD) on blood acid-base status and exercise performance. Participants included 22 adolescents, 33 young adults (YA), and 33 elderly (EL), who followed a 7-day LD and HD in a randomized order. At the end of both diet periods the subjects performed a cycle ergometer test (3 × 10 min at 35%, 55%, 75%, and (except EL) until exhaustion at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake). At the beginning of and after the diet periods, blood samples were collected at rest and after all workloads. Oxygen uptake, re…
Impact of Energy Availability, Health and Sex on Hemoglobin Mass Responses Following Live-High–Train-High Altitude Training in Elite Female and Male Distance Athletes
Purpose: The authors investigated the effects of sex, energy availability (EA), and health status on the change in hemoglobin mass (ΔHbmass) in elite endurance athletes over ∼3–4 wk of live-high–train-high altitude training in Flagstaff, AZ (2135 m; n = 27 women; n = 21 men; 27% 2016 Olympians). Methods: Precamp and postcamp Hbmass (optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method) and iron status were measured, EA was estimated via food and training logs, and a Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAFQ) and a general injury/illness questionnaire were completed. Hypoxic exposure (h) was calculated with low (600 h) groupings. Results: Absolute and relative percentage ΔHbmass was si…
A Kinematic Analysis of Three Best 100 m Performances Ever
The purpose of this investigation was to compare and determine the relevance of the morphological characteristics and variability of running speed parameters (stride length and stride frequency) between Usain Bolt’s three best 100 m performances. Based on this, an attempt was made to define which factors determine the performance of Usain Bolt's sprint and, therefore, distinguish him from other sprinters. We analyzed the previous world record of 9.69 s set in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the current record of 9.58 s set in the 2009 Berlin World Championships in Athletics and the O lympic record of 9.63 s set in 2012 London Olympics Games by Usain Bolt. The application of VirtualDub Programme …
Inflammation status of healthy young men : initial and specific responses to resistance training
Our primary aim was to study the effects of a 4-week preparatory resistance-training (RT) period followed by 12 weeks of 2 specific RT protocols (either hypertrophic-strength (HS) or strength-hypertrophy-power training) on inflammation markers and the possible relationship of the changes in abdominal fat and lean mass to the changes in inflammation status. A total of 82 healthy men were included in the study. Maximal concentric leg press strength (1-repetition maximum), total body lean mass, total body and abdominal fat mass, circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and selected ad…