0000000000183717
AUTHOR
Solène Bellanger
Dormancy and longevity of soil-buried weed seeds : from examples to generalization
EA SPE EcolDur GEAPSI CT3 CT1EA SPE EcolDur GEAPSI CT3 CT1; The main part of the life-cycle of weeds, especially in cultivated fields, is spent as seeds buried in the soil. Longevity and dormancy are two major traits driving weed survival and infestation in the framework of crop rotation and management. Modelling allows inference of these key processes from morpho-anatomical description of the seeds, thus avoiding long-term germination studies of buried seeds over the years. Two new sets of experimental data on two different weeds offer the opportunity to compare actual results to predicted values. This study deals with cornflower (Centaurea cyanus), a winter weed of cereals and oilseed rap…
Les causes biologiques de la régression du bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.)
National audience; Dans les agroécosystèmes, un déclin de la diversité biologique causé par l’intensification des pratiques agricoles est actuellement observé. Parmi les espèces adventices, toutes ne répondent pas de la même façon à ces changements. Des traits biologiques spécifiques pourraient expliquer le déclin de certaines et la réussite d’autres. Ainsi, mieux comprendre les causes biologiques de la régression permettrait de mettre en place des stratégies de gestion dans ces systèmes agricoles intensifs. Le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.) est une messicole spécialiste de l’agroécosystème qui est actuellement en régression dans l’ouest de l’Europe . Cette espèce est par ailleurs considérée …
Étude de la biologie d'une messicole en régression: le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.)
Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss, in particular among the plant species specifically adapted to this habitat. This decline results from cropping systems that have been intensified in Western Europe since the 1950s. The cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), considered as emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals, appears as a species that may be at risk and should be monitored. Indeed, cornflower can serve as a host to predators of crop pests and is strongly attractive for the pollinators. This study examines the biological factors that could potentially cause the decline of this species: spatial distribution, potential for growth, population's genet…
Mating system adaptation in populations of Centaurea cyanus L.
International audience; Since the 50s, the agriculture intensification in Western Europe resulted in landscape homogenizationand reduction of habitat connectivity, which in turn caused a widespread decline of farmland biological diversity.Centaurea cyanus is one of the declining “segetal species”. It is an annual and insect-pollinatedspecies with a self-incompatibility system. When the populations are small and fragmented, they mayextinct if the incompatibility system cannot evolve towards a compatibility system. A coexistence ofmixed mating system is also possible in a population.In our study, we examined the ability of C. cyanus to produce seeds by autogamy. For this purpose,three conditi…
Biological causes of cornflower regression
International audience; Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss. This decline results from intensive cropping systems. However, not all the anciently present weeds respond similarly. There should be specific biological traits that render some species more prone to disappear from arable fields than others. Investigating the biological causes of regression could inform about management strategies in changing agricultural farming systems. In this report we focus on cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) that is an emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals in Europe. It is currently disappearing from Western regions. Several traits were investigated as seed longevi…