0000000000185577
AUTHOR
I. Lacis
Eye Kinematics of Athletes in Non-Familiar Sports Situations
Biological motion can hardly be imitated, starting from how a person observes and learns motor behaviour. We recorded eye movements of 13 female ball games athletes and 13 age-matched controls observing videos of unfamiliar sports. The athletes are better at alternating between faster and slower eye movement modalities. They initially use longer but fewer fixations than the non-athletes.
Maximizing reading: pattern analysis to describe points of gaze
As people read texts, their points of gaze can be described either as a sequence or as a pattern of dots. If reading fixations are visualized as a pattern and their duration is graphically attributed to the 3 rd dimension, image processing techniques can be employed to describe individual reading styles. Two reader groups of text editors and of University students were matching according to parametric tests. Yet they appeared to have marked inter-subject variability of fixation distribution when individual cases were considered. To illustrate this, we applied a simple "Coulomb law" - like model that takes both fixation duration and spacing into account. Further the image entropy filter was …
<title>Estimation of stereovision in conditions of blurring simulation</title>
The aim of this study was to evaluate the simulation of eye pathologies, such as amblyopia and cataracts, to estimate the stereovision in artificial conditions, and to compare the results on the stereothreshold obtained in artificial and real- pathologic conditions. Characteristic of the above-mentioned real-life forms of a reduced vision is a blurred image in one of the eyes. The blurring was simulated by (i) defocusing, (ii) blurred stimuli on the screen, and (iii) occluding of an eye with PLZT or PDLC plates. When comparing the methods, two parameters were used: the subject's visual acuity and the modulation depth of the image. The eye occluder method appeared to systematically provide h…
<title>Latvian and Russian textbooks: eye movements in reading text formatted in two columns</title>
Research of eye movements in reading textbooks suggests that reading the Cyrillic-based Russian language differs from reading the extended Latin-based Latvian texts. Ten bilingual students were asked to start reading a book passage in Latvian and to continue reading the text in Russian. Key parameters in information processing have been analyzed. Even though the difference in duration of fixations does not reach statistical significance, saccade size and regression rate are smaller in Russian.
What Conclusions does Rapid Image Classification by Eye Movements Provide for Machine Vision?
Human ability to rapidly classify images of natural objects has been a matter of study for more than a decade. Recently eye movements have been exploited as a behavioural response, which has lead to alternative hypotheses of natural image processing. In this research, twelve volunteers made a movement towards a briefly displayed digital image if it was an animal, and a movement away otherwise. In both cases, the average response time was more than 400 milliseconds.
Spectral scattering dependencies of controllable PLZT occluder for vision science applications
Summary form only given. PLZT ceramics have an unique property - a facility to change the light scattering efficiency with the applied electric field. This effect is well manifested especially in the visible, just where the transparency windows of PLZT begins. Formerly we developed eye occlusion devices for vision science applications to introduce a dynamic decrease of the image contrast in stereovision tests. In future we plan to construct, using controllable scattering in PLZT, an eye simulator to study cataract caused retinal image quality reduction. The present work reports on spectral dependencies of such an eye occluder studied with the double optical integrated sphere technique.
Simple Configuration Effects on Eye Movements in Horizontal Scanning Tasks
When reading text, observers alternate periods of stable gaze (fixations) and shifts of gaze (saccades). An important debate in the literature concerns the processes that drive the control of these eye movements. Past studies using strings of letters rather than meaningful text ('z-reading') suggest that eye movement control during reading is, to a large extent, controlled by low-level image properties. These studies, however, have failed to take into account perceptual grouping processes that could drive these low-level effects. We here study the role of various grouping factors in horizontal scanning eye movements, and compare these to reading meaningful text. The results show that sequen…
<title>Eye movements during silent and oral reading with stabilized versus free head movement and different eye-trackers</title>
Eye movement research of reading has been done on a battery of eye-tracking setups during last decades. We compared reading data of the same group of six students, their eyes were tracked by a video-based helmet-mounted system with the data sampling frequency of 50 Hz and a setup with a chin-rest at 240 Hz. We found that not only the number of fixations may decrease after reading practice, but so does also the mean duration of fixations. In spite of the short duration of saccades, their distributions and changes in them are similarly reported in the two experimental conditions. Lack of significant correlation in the HED data testifies to the result variability due to measurement technique. …