0000000000210349
AUTHOR
Carlos A. Martínez-huitle
Renewable energies driven electrochemical wastewater/soil decontamination technologies: A critical review of fundamental concepts and applications
Abstract Electrochemical wastewater and soil treatments are exciting set of technologies that has been well-studied over the recent years as one of the most-effective remediation techniques for the removal of hazardous pollutants from liquids effluents and soil. The main requirement of these technologies is electricity and their sustainability can be largely improved if they are powered by renewable energy sources. Likewise, this green energy powering can help to apply these technologies in remote areas, such as rural communities in developing countries, where no electricity grid is available. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on fundamental concepts and applications of renewa…
Design of highly efficient porous carbon foam cathode for electro-Fenton degradation of antimicrobial sulfanilamide
Abstract This work investigated, for the first time, the potential of novel biomass derived carbon foam as a suitable and efficient electrocatalytic material (as cathode) for in-situ hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and its applicability in electro-Fenton (EF) approach for oxidizing organic pollutants. The carbon foam cathode was prepared by polymerization and carbonization of sucrose at high temperature. The as-prepared carbon foam consists of highly porous and extremely light structure with interconnected spherical cells. It exhibited excellent electrocatalytic properties such as high conductivity, relatively high redox current and several active-sites for producing oxidizing species, …
Single and Coupled Electrochemical Processes and Reactors for the Abatement of Organic Water Pollutants: A Critical Review.
Traditional physicochemical and biological techniques, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are often inadequate, ineffective, or expensive for industrial water reclamation. Within this context, the electrochemical technologies have found a niche where they can become dominant in the near future, especially for the abatement of biorefractory substances. In this critical review, some of the most promising electrochemical tools for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants are discussed in detail with the following goals: (1) to present the fundamental aspects of the selected processes; (2) to discuss the effect of both the main operating parameters and the rea…
Diamond Films as Support for Electrochemical Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage
Many efforts have been dedicated to develop and study different catalysts supported materials for energy storage and conversion. Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) and capacitors have been topics of special interest for the scientific community, then, the research to find excellent catalyst-supports has constantly increased. The use of conductive diamond films has been proposed due to their mechanical and chemical stability properties. In this context, the application of BDD-catalyst surfaces for PEM fuel cells as well as the production of electrochemical capacitors using BDD materials have been summarized and discussed in this chapter.
Electrochemical technology for the treatment of real washing machine effluent at pre-pilot plant scale by using active and non-active anodes
Abstract Real effluent of washing machine is one of the major sources of microplastics and fabrics in municipal and surface water. The effluents constitute large volume of wastewater with different surfactants since every household and industries nowadays use washing machine rather than traditional hand washing. In this work, a real effluent of washing machine was treated by electrooxidation (EO) in a pre-pilot plant scale electrochemical flow reactor using active (Ti/Pt) or non-active (boron doped diamond (BDD)) anodes and Ti cathode. The effect of anode material (Ti/Pt or BDD) and the applied current density (16.6, 33.3 and 66.6 mA cm−2) on the decay of the organic matter, in terms of che…
Electro- and photo-electrooxidation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4,5-T) in aqueous media with PbO2, Sb-doped SnO2, BDD and TiO2-NTs anodes: A comparative study
Abstract In this work, the 2,4,5-T degradation in aqueous media was studied by electro- (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation methods, which are two of the most important advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment. Both EC and PEC experiments were carried out in a single compartment cell under galvanostatic conditions (30 mA cm−2) at 298 K by using 0.05 M Na2SO4 + 200 ppm 2,4,5-T at pH 3 and pH 9, as model solutions. EC oxidation was performed using Sb-doped SnO2, PbO2 and boron doped diamond (BDD) as anodic materials. Besides these anodes, TiO2 in a nanotubular structure (TiO2 NTs) with or without PbO2 dispersed nanoparticles (TiO2::PbO2) were also used for PEC ox…
A critical review on latest innovations and future challenges of electrochemical technology for the abatement of organics in water
Updated water directives and ambitious targets like the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have emerged in the last decade to tackle water scarcity and contamination. Although numerous strategies have been developed to remove water pollutants, it is still necessary to enhance their effectiveness against toxic and biorefractory organic molecules. Comprehensive reviews have highlighted the appealing features of the electrochemical technologies, but much progress has been made in recent years. In this timely review, a critical discussion on latest innovations and perspectives of the most promising electrochemical tools for wastewater treatment is presented. The work describes…
Heterogeneous electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes: A critical review of fundamental principles and application for water/wastewater treatment
Abstract This exhaustive review focuses on the fundamental principles and applications of heterogeneous electrochemical wastewater treatment based on Fenton’s chemistry reaction. The elementary equations involved in formation of hydroxyl radical in homogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) and photo electro-Fenton (PEF) processes was presented and the advantages of using insoluble solids as heterogeneous catalyst rather than soluble iron salts (heterogeneous electro-Fenton process) (Hetero-EF) was enumerated. Some of the required features of good heterogeneous catalysts were discussed, followed by the mechanisms of catalytic activation of H2O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially hydroxyl radi…
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized N , N ‐Diarylamides by an Anodic C, N ‐Coupling Reaction
We report an innovative, sustainable and straightforward protocol for the synthesis of N,N-diarylamides equipped with nonprotected hydroxyl groups by using electrosynthesis. The concept allows the application of various substrates furnishing diarylamides with yields up to 57 % within a single and direct electrolytic protocol. The method is thereby easy to conduct in an undivided cell with constant current conditions offering a versatile and short-cut alternative to conventional pathways.
Trends of Organic Electrosynthesis by Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes
The electro-organic synthesis is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the tremendous contributions of various electrocatalytic materials as well as the use of electric current as an inexpensive and suitable reagent to drive the electrosynthetic transformations, avoiding conventional chemical oxidizers or reducing agents. Consequently, electrosynthesis has a significant technical impact, because these processes can be easily scaled up, benefiting from advantages such as versatility, environmental compatibility (possibility of recovering and recycling non-converted substrates), automation (switching on or off electric current), inherent safety and potential cost effectiveness among oth…