Sea Urchin Mitochondrial Matrix Contains a 56-kDa Chaperonine-like Protein

Abstract Paracentrotus lividus mitochondrial matrix contains a constitutive hsp of 56-KDa which cross reacts with a serum anti-hsp-60 chaperonine from yeast mitochondria. The localization of hsps preexisting or newly synthesized in different subcellular fractions of gastrula embryos is also analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Validation of a novel Multi-Gas sensor for volcanic HCl alongside H

Volcanic gas emission measurements inform predictions of hazard and atmospheric impacts. For these measurements, Multi-Gas sensors provide low-cost in situ monitoring of gas composition but to date have lacked the ability to detect halogens. Here, two Multi-Gas instruments characterized passive outgassing emissions from Mt. Etna’s (Italy) three summit craters, Voragine (VOR), North-east Crater (NEC) and Bocca Nuova (BN) on 2 October 2013. Signal processing (Sensor Response Model, SRM) approaches are used to analyse H2S/SO2 and HCl/SO2 ratios. A new ability to monitor volcanic HCl using miniature electrochemical sensors is here demonstrated. A “direct-exposure” Multi-Gas instrument contained…

Achievement of thermotolerance through hsps phosphorylation in sea urchin embryos.

TPA treatment of sea urchin embryos is able to induce thermotolerance. Evidence is provided that TPA treatment induces phosphorylation of a constitutive stress protein of 38 KDa.

Regulation of Macromolecular Synthesis during Sea Urchin Development

Immediately following fertilization the sea urchin egg enters a period of very rapid cell division that cleaves the egg cell into about one thousand proportionately smaller cells, which form the swimming blastula, i.e. a larval form that is less vulnerable to environmental injuries since it is capable of actively swimming away from them.

Plume chemistry provides insights into the mechanisms of sulfur and halogen degassing at basaltic volcanoes,

This paper deals with sulfur, chlorine and fluorine abundances in the eruptive volcanic plume of the huge October 2002-January 2003 eruption of Mount Etna, aiming at relating the relevant compositional variations observed throughout with changes in eruption dynamics and degassing mechanisms. The recurrent sampling of plume acidic volatiles by filter-pack methodology revealed that, during the study period, S/Cl and Cl/F ratios ranged from 0.1-6.8 and 0.9-5.6, respectively. Plume S/Cl ratios increased by a factor of ∼10 as volcanic activity drifted from paroxysmal lava fountaining (mid- and late November) to passive degassing and minor effusion (early January), and then decreased to the low v…

Extreme Pulsus Alternans with P Wave Alternans in a Child

Pulsus alternans was observed in a child with left ventricular dysfunction secondary to systemic hypertension. The Echo-Doppler of supravalvular aorta and a simultaneous electrocardiographic trace (ECG) clearly demonstrated the mechanism of an apparent abrupt halving of pulse frequency compared with the ECG, similar to an electromechanical dissociation 2: 1. Besides the extreme pulsus alternans, a P wave and a PP cycle length change were also observed. Both mechanical and electrical alternans disappeared with afterload reduction by nitroprusside treatment.

Hydrothermal buffering of the SO2/H2S ratio in volcanic gases: Evidence from La Fossa crater fumarolic field, Vulcano Island.

Territorial localization of heat shock mRNA production in sea urchin gastrulae.

In situ hybridization experiments with a labeled DNA probe indicate that the ability to respond to heat shock with the production of the mRNA for the 70 kd heat shock protein is segregated into the ectodermal cells already at the gastrula stage or earlier during the embryonic development of Paracentrotus lividus.

Real-time detection of volcanic plume H2O, CO2 and SO2 as a precursor to 2006 Mt. Etna eruptions

Mount Etna, in southern Italy, is well known for its uninterrupted open-vent degassing activity from the summit craters, making the volcano the largest point source of volcanogenic volatiles on Earth. Notwithstanding a substantial improvement of our understanding of degassing rates and mechanisms over the past two decades, analytical limitations still hamper the quantitative evaluation of the total volatile budget from the volcano. In contrast with the routine sensing of volcanic SO2 by UV-spectroscopy (Allard, 1997; Caltabiano et al., 2004), only a few spot determinations of CO2 emissions from Mount Etna have been reported to date (Allard et al., 1991; Aiuppa et al., 2006), while H2O emiss…

Variation of H2O/CO2 and CO2/SO2 ratios of volcanic gases discharged by continuous degassing of Mount Etna volcano, Italy

Myo-inositol counteracts the vegetalizing effect of lithium on P.lividus embryos

Abstract The vegetalizing effect of LiCl on sea urchins embryos can be counteracted by the addition of myo-inositol. This observation is discussed in connection with similar results recently reported for amphibian embryos.

Turmoil at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica): Degassing and eruptive processes inferred from high-frequency gas monitoring.

Abstract Eruptive activity at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica) has escalated significantly since 2014, causing airport and school closures in the capital city of San José. Whether or not new magma is involved in the current unrest seems probable but remains a matter of debate as ash deposits are dominated by hydrothermal material. Here we use high‐frequency gas monitoring to track the behavior of the volcano between 2014 and 2015 and to decipher magmatic versus hydrothermal contributions to the eruptions. Pulses of deeply derived CO2‐rich gas (CO2/Stotal > 4.5) precede explosive activity, providing a clear precursor to eruptive periods that occurs up to 2 weeks before eruptions, which are acc…

Acquisition of thermotolerance in sea urchin embryos correlates with the synthesis and age of the heat shock proteins.

Preheating at 31 degrees C induces thermotolerance in Paracentrotus lividus embryos, which therefore become able to withstand 1-h treatment at the otherwise lethal temperature of 35 degrees C, and to develop normally. The acquisition of thermotolerance is positively correlated with the amount of heat shock proteins produced during the 31 degrees C treatment. Evidence is provided that the heat shock proteins, although present in the embryo for long periods after synthesis, lose their effect on thermotolerance within 3 h of the cessation of synthesis.