Electrodeposition and characterization of Mo oxide nanostructures

Template electrodeposition has been used to grow uniform arrays of molybdenum oxide nanostructures in polycarbonate membrane. Several parameters have been investigated, like electrodeposition, time and solution pH. These parameters do not influence the nature of the deposit that always consists of mixed valence molybdenum oxides, whereas the nanostructure morphology changes with pH. In particular, at low pH (2.7), nanotubes are formed, whilst arrays of nanowires are obtained above pH 5.5. This change of morphology is likely due to H2 bubbles evolution during the electrochemical deposition, particularly occurring at low pH. It was found that fast removal of H2 bubbles through vigorous stirri…

Nanowire ordered Arrays for electrochemical sensing of H2O2

In this work, we present the performance of nanostructured array of Cu for electrochemical sensors of hydrogen peroxide. Nanostructured sensors are obtained by template synthesis in commercial polycarbonate membranes. Arrays of Cu nanowires were fabricated through a displacement deposition reaction that permits to obtain nanostructures directly and without the use of an external power supply. To test the performance of nanostructured sensors, electrochemical experiments were carried out in an aqueous solution with different amounts of hydrogen peroxide. In order to obtain sensors with stable performance, we found that it is essential to increase wettability of the nanostructures through add…

Nickel-Indium Sulphide Core-Shell Nanostructures Obtained by Spray-ILGAR Deposition

Ni nanowires (NWs) of different lengths were fabricated by pulsed potentiostatic deposition within pores of polycarbonate membranes. After template dissolution, substrates underwent sequential Spray-ILGAR (R) depositions of thin indium sulphide films. The effect of deposition temperature was also investigated. For low number of deposition cycles, results showed complete and uniform covering of metal over the entire length of NWs, with formation of Ni - In2S3 core-shell structures. However, with increasing number of deposition cycles films became uneven and crusty, especially at higher temperatures, owing to the simultaneous formation of nickel sulfide. This drawback was almost eliminated do…

Optimal positioning of water quality sensors in water distribution networks: Comparison of numerical and experimental results

In the water distribution networks, a deliberate or accidental contamination causes loss of water quality; the implementation of a real-time sensor network is essential to promptly detect the event of contamination. To achieve the optimum positioning of the probes, to reduce the cost of the instrumentation and maintenance, and obtaining, at the same time, a reliable monitoring of the system, optimization techniques are widely applied. In the present study, a numerical optimisation approach was compared with the results of an experimental campaign. The optimization problem is formulated in accordance with literature stateof- the-art, using the genetic algorithm NSGA-II coupled with a hydraul…

Nanostructured anode material for Li-ion battery obtained by galvanic process

This work focused on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured lead hydroxide chloride (PbOHCl) that is an innovative anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In particular, we have obtained nanostructures of mixed PbOHCl and lead metal, directly into the pores of a commercially available alumina membrane, acting as template. The process was based on galvanic displacement reaction that was carried out in a two-compartment electrochemical cell without the use of an external power supply. This simple and cheap procedure gives regular array of Pb/PbOHCl composite nanowires. To obtain nanostructured electrodes is a significant result because, it’s well known that nanostructur…

Adjuvant Intravesical Chemotherapy in Patients with Primary T1 G3 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

The Authors present their experience with TUR plus adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy in 50 patients affected by primary T1 G3 bladder tumours without previous or concomitant carcinoma in situ. At a mean follow-up of 36 months, 84% of the patients are alive and tumour-free. Cystectomy was performed in three patients due to locally invasive disease. Five patients (10%) died of bladder cancer.

Fabrication and characterization of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures Grown by metal displacement deposition into anodic alumina membranes

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Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured Ni and Pd electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water-alkaline electrolyzer

In the field of water-alkaline electrolyzer, the development of nanoporous low cost nickel electrodes is one of the potential approaches to increase electrocatalytic activity. Template electrodeposition is a facile and cheap technique for obtaining Ni nanowires (NWs) with high surface area. These nanostructures were fabricated by a two-step procedure. In the first step, a Ni compact layer was deposited on one side of the template where a gold film was previously sputtered, while, in the second-step, an ordered array of Ni-NWs was obtained by electrodeposition inside the template channels. The NWs were firmly connected to the underlying Ni layer, acting as a current collector. In order to en…

Nano-structured PbO2 electrode for lead-acid battery

Is there a role for recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in the intravesical treatment of superficial bladder tumors?--a phase II study

Clinical use of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha is strongly limited by its severe toxicity, mainly cardiovascular, when systemically administered. Recent studies suggest that topical (intrapleural, intraperitoneal, intratumoral) administration is free of significant toxicity. Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha was administered intravesically, at a dose of 500 mg dissolved in 30 ml of phosphate buffer (pH7.6-7.8) plus 0.25% human albumin, weekly for two months to 18 patients with papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Of the 15 evaluable patients, four (26%) achieved a complete response. Systemic and local tolerability were excellent. Int J Urol 1995;2:100-1…

NiO thin film for mercury detection in water by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry

NiO thin film thermally grown on Ni was investigated for the first time as an electrochemical sensor of mercury ions in water. The film was obtained by thermal oxidation in air of a commercial Ni foil. The influence of oxidation temperature, and time have been investigated by XRD, SEM, and EDS analysis. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry was used for detecting Hg2+ ions in aqueous solution with different ion concentrations. In order to improve the response signal, all the operational parameters related to the sensing process such as pH, deposition time, potential, and square wave frequency, have been optimized. We obtained a detection limit of 4.4 ppb with a sensitivity of 1.1 µA ppb-…

Results of conservative treatment (transurethral resection plus adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy) in patients with primary T1, G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Objectives. To evaluate a selected population of 50 consecutive patients with primary T1, G3 bladder transitional cell carcinoma in the absence of carcinoma in situ (Tis) treated with a bladder-sparing approach. Methods. Between January 1983 and December 1992, all patients were treated by transurethral resection (TUR) plus adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy over 1 year. In most cases, doxorubicin, epirubicin, and mitomycin were used alone or in combination. Results. At a mean follow-up period of 52 months (range, 18 to 126), 16 of 50 patients (32%) showed a recurrent superficial tumor. The recurrent lesion was of Stage T1 in 11 (22%) cases, but was a T1, G3 tumor only in 5 cases (10%). In 2…

Nanostructured Pb electrode for innovative lead-acid battery

Lead-acid batteries are widely used for energy storage, due to a well-established and reliable technology. Over the years, various studies for improving the performance of this battery have been performed. The main goal is to replace conventional plates with innovative electrodes having good stability, high capacity and high surface area. In particular, it is necessary to improve the kinetics of electrochemical conversion reactions at the electrode-solution interface, and to guarantee good electrical continuity during repeated charge/discharge cycles. To achieve these goals, the attention was focused on nanostructured electrodes. Up-to-date, two principal approaches have been followed. In t…