Additional file 2: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Characteristics of the participants based on exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy in the ALSPAC studies. (DOCX 13 kb)

Additional file 6: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

CpG sites and their association with methylation in the ARIES cord blood data. (DOCX 14 kb)

Pre‐exercise whole‐body cooling decreases blood volume and oxygenated hemoglobin content in skeletal muscle during submaximal exercise (1106.7)

Are skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health?

Recently, contradictory findings have been reported concerning the function of irisin and its precursor gene, skeletal muscle FNDC5, in energy homeostasis, and the associated regulatory role of exercise and PGC-1α. We therefore evaluated whether muscle FNDC5 mRNA and serum irisin are exercise responsive and whether PGC-1α expression is associated with FNDC5 expression. The male subjects in the study performed single exercises: (1) 1 h low-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) (middle-aged, n= 17), (2) a heavy-intensity resistance exercise (RE) bout (young n= 10, older n= 11) (27 vs. 62 years), (3) long-term 21 weeks endurance exercise (EE) training alone (twice a week, middle-aged, n= 9), or (4) …

Immunological and prognostic significance of tumour necrosis in colorectal cancer

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes the second most cancer deaths worldwide, but the disease course varies according to tumour characteristics and immunological factors. Our objective was to examine the associations of tumour necrosis with tumour characteristics, immune cell infiltrates, serum cytokine concentrations, as well as prognosis in CRC. Methods Three independent CRC cohorts, including 1413 patients, were analysed. Associations of the areal percentage of tumour necrosis with clinicopathologic parameters, tumour infiltrating immune cells, cytokine concentrations in systemic and mesenteric vein blood, and survival were examined. Results Higher tumour necrosis percentag…

Additional file 4: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Paternal smoking-adjusted association results of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring peripheral blood DNA methylation for the top CpG sites. (DOCX 14 kb)

Additional file 7: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals of each available SNP-CpG association across different time points in the ARIES data. (DOCX 108 kb)

The effects of skin and core tissue cooling on oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle during walking and running

Skin and core tissue cooling modulates skeletal muscle oxygenation at rest. Whether tissue cooling also influences the skeletal muscle deoxygenation response during exercise is unclear. We evaluated the effects of skin and core tissue cooling on skeletal muscle blood volume and deoxygenation during sustained walking and running. Eleven male participants walked or ran six times on a treadmill for 60 min in ambient temperatures of 22°C (Neutral), 0°C for skin cooling (Cold 1), and at 0°C following a core and skin cooling protocol (Cold 2). Difference between oxy/deoxygenated haemoglobin ([diffHb]: deoxygenation index) and total haemoglobin content ([tHb]: total blood volume) in the vastus lat…

Additional file 6: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

CpG sites and their association with methylation in the ARIES cord blood data. (DOCX 14 kb)

Additional file 4: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Paternal smoking-adjusted association results of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring peripheral blood DNA methylation for the top CpG sites. (DOCX 14 kb)

Additional file 5: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Mediation analysis examining the mediated effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on schizophrenia-related personality traits and inflammatory bowel syndrome in the NFBC 1966 cohort. (DOCX 15 kb)

Are skeletal muscleFNDC5gene expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health?

Recently, contradictory findings have been reported concerning the function of irisin and its precursor gene, skeletal muscle FNDC5, in energy homeostasis, and the associated regulatory role of exercise and PGC-1α. We therefore evaluated whether muscle FNDC5 mRNA and serum irisin are exercise responsive and whether PGC-1α expression is associated with FNDC5 expression. The male subjects in the study performed single exercises: (1) 1 h low-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) (middle-aged, n = 17), (2) a heavy-intensity resistance exercise (RE) bout (young n = 10, older n = 11) (27 vs. 62 years), (3) long-term 21 weeks endurance exercise (EE) training alone (twice a week, middle-aged, n = 9), or …

Low level activity thresholds for changes in NMR biomarkers and genes in high risk subjects for type 2 diabetes

AbstractOur objectives were to determine if there are quantitative associations between amounts and intensities of physical activities (PA) on NMR biomarkers and changes in skeletal muscle gene expressions in subjects with high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) performing a 3-month PA intervention. We found that PA was associated with beneficial biomarker changes in a factor containing several VLDL and HDL subclasses and lipids in principal component analysis (P = <0.01). Division of PA into quartiles demonstrated significant changes in NMR biomarkers in the 2nd - 4th quartiles compared to the 1st quartile representing PA of less than 2850 daily steps (P = 0.0036). Mediation analysis of PA-…

Fuel selection during short-term submaximal treadmill exercise in the cold is not affected by pre-exercise low-intensity shivering.

Exercise and shivering rely on different metabolic pathways and consequently, fuel selection. The present study examined the effects of a pre-exercise low-intensity shivering protocol on fuel selection during submaximal exercise in a cold environment. Nine male subjects exercised 4 times for 60 min at 50% (LOW) or 70% (MOD) of their peak oxygen consumption on a motorized treadmill in a climatic chamber set at 0 °C with (SHIV) and without (CON) a pre-exercise cooling protocol, inducing low-intensity shivering. Thermal, cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were measured every 15 min whereas blood samples were collected every 30 min to assess serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glyce…

Additional file 3: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Characteristics of the participants based on exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy in the IOWBC. (DOCX 12 kb)

Additional file 1: of DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Characteristics of the participants based on exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy in the NFBC cohorts. (DOCX 14 kb)

Role of adipokines in obesity-associated hypertension

It has been well documented that obesity is a major risk factor for the development of the hypertensive state. The correlation between body mass index and blood pressure level is well established. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms which contribute to obesity-related hypertension remain poorly understood. In the last years, we have realized that the white adipose tissue is not just an inert organ for nutrient storage and isolation but rather depending on the body mass index the biggest endocrinological organ. Thus, the possible contribution of adipokines to the blood pressure elevation becomes an attractive hypothesis to explain the hypertensive state that often occurs in obesity. In this r…

Genome Analyses of >200,000 Individuals Identify 58 Loci for Chronic Inflammation and Highlight Pathways that Link Inflammation and Complex Disorders

International audience; C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with multiple complex diseases. The genetic determinants of chronic inflammation remain largely unknown, and the causal role of CRP in several clinical outcomes is debated. We performed two genome-wide association studies (GWASs), on HapMap and 1000 Genomes imputed data, of circulating amounts of CRP by using data from 88 studies comprising 204,402 European individuals. Additionally, we performed in silico functional analyses and Mendelian randomization analyses with several clinical outcomes. The GWAS meta-analyses of CRP revealed 58 distinct genetic loci (p < 5 × 1…

The Effects of Cold Exposure on Leukocytes, Hormones and Cytokines during Acute Exercise in Humans

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of exercise on total leukocyte count and subsets, as well as hormone and cytokine responses in a thermoneutral and cold environment, with and without an individualized pre-cooling protocol inducing low-intensity shivering. Nine healthy young men participated in six experimental trials wearing shorts and t-shirts. Participants exercised for 60 min on a treadmill at low (LOW: 50% of peak VO2) and moderate (MOD: 70% VO2peak) exercise intensities in a climatic chamber set at 22°C (NT), and in 0°C (COLD) with and without a pre-exercise low-intensity shivering protocol (SHIV). Core and skin temperature, heart rate and oxygen consumption were col…

DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring health outcomes across their life course. We hypothesize that DNA methylation is a potential mediator of this relationship. Methods We examined the association of prenatal maternal smoking with offspring blood DNA methylation in 2821 individuals (age 16 to 48 years) from five prospective birth cohort studies and perform Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses to assess whether methylation markers have causal effects on disease outcomes in the offspring. Results We identify 69 differentially methylated CpGs in 36 genomic regions (P value < 1 × 10−7) associated with exposure to maternal smoking in adolesc…