0000000000229677
AUTHOR
Chrystel Deulvot
LAGoPEDE, a French breeding project to develop frost tolerant and FEVITA® faba bean varieties
National audience; The INRA Plant Biology and Breeding division works together with the breeding company Agri Obtentions under the LAGoPEDE project to develop performant grain legume varieties for tomorrow’s agriculture. Grain legumes represent an important source of proteins for food and feed. One of the main targets of LAGoPEDE is to increase the area of cultivation and improve the seed quality of faba bean (Vicia faba) in France, by developing performant winter varieties well adapted to the North-East of the country. A frost tolerance screening of a diverse germplasm collection of 1,500 faba bean accessions available at INRA, Dijon was first conducted. Eleven frost-tolerant accessions we…
Effect of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol on Pithium : cellular responses and variation in sensitivity among propagules and species
International audience
Beyond the sequencing of the pea genome: opportunities for genomics-based breeding and translational approaches
International audience; The tribe Fabeae comprises more than 300 legume species, including some of the most ancient and important crops like Pisum sativum (pea), Lens culinaris (lentil), and Vicia faba (faba bean) used for food and feed. The genome sequence of pea, released in 2019, is an important milestone for the community working on legumes and especially on Fabeae. It brings into light evidences related to the genome expansion that occurred after the divergence of Fabeae from their sister tribes and highlights different chromosomal rearrangement events specific or not to the Pisum lineage. The pea genome sequence also represents a valuable resource to accelerate our understanding of th…
Plant resistance and architecture for protection of pulses against pathogens
Prod 2019-213c BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience
Herbicides : la résistance existait avant eux... La preuve - L’analyse par PCR de spécimens de vulpin conservés dans des collections d’herbiers le prouve : une mutation à l’origine d’une résistance à des herbicides lancés en 1978 existait déjà en... 1888
➧ QUESTION - Des gènes de résistance aux herbicides peuvent-ils déjà exister dans des populations de mauvaises herbes n'ayant jamais été traitées avec des herbicides ? Pour le savoir, une mutation conférant une résistance à des herbicides a été recherchée dans des parts d'herbiers contenant des spécimens de vulpin ( Alopecurus myosu roides ) collectés entre 1788 et 1975. ➧ RÉPONSE - Un spécimen sur les 734 analysés, collecté en 1888, s'est révélé contenir une mutation au codon 1781 de l'AC-Case qui confère une résistance à des inhibiteurs de l'ACCase (« fops », « dims », « den »). Ceci démontre clairement, si besoin en était encore, que la résistance n'a pas besoin d'herbicides pour exister…
Towards bruchid resistance in pulses
Prod 2019-88ff BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience; Seed weevils (Bruchus spp.) are major pests of pulses, causing yield losses and affecting marketability 1,2 . Available insecticides have low efficiency and important negative impacts on the environment, humans and non-target organisms. Therefore, breeding resistant varieties represent the most promising strategy to overcome seed weevils. The pyramiding of several resistance genes in cultivars is an important objective because this will make the resistance more durable and suitable for sustainable agriculture. The PeaMUST project (ANR-11-BTBR0002) aims at discovering the mechanisms of tolerance and resistance to bruchids in pea (Pisum sativ…
Herbicides do not fabricate resistance: evidence from herbaria collections
Can herbicide resistance genes be present in weed populations that have never been sprayed with herbicides? In order to answer this question, the presence of a mutation endowing herbicide resistance has been investigated in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) herbarium specimens collected between 1788 and 1975. Among the 734 specimens investigated, one that had been collected in 1888 contained a mutation at ACCase codon 1781 that confers resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides (APPs, CHDs and DEN). This clearly demonstrates that herbicides do not fabricate resistance. Resistance is naturally present in weed populations the fields prior to herbicide use. Herbicides only reveal pre-existi…
Bruchid resistance in pulses
Prod 2019-213a BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience
Co-concepdes variétés de féveroles à valeur nutritionnelle améliorée pour l'homme et l'animal : cible de la sélection réaliste, permise par la variabilité génétique disponible et par les outils moléculaires développés en appui à la selection variétale
National audience
Taking cool-season grain legume breeding to the next level: the key role of the pea genome sequence
International audience; The transition from a standalone phenotypic selection to a marker-assisted selection has been seen as a great step forward to improve the breeding process and reach the expected goals. More recently, the genomic revolution has also had its great impact on breeding. -omics are now part of the required toolkit for a successful, cost and time-efficient breeding. The genome sequence of pea (Pisum sativum) has been made available in 2019 through a collaborative international effort. This is a great tool for the pea community in general and the Fabeae community in particular. Current challenges facing pea and other Fabeae production are numerous. A large number of traits h…
Comparative genetic diversity of the narG, nosZ, and 16S rRNA genes in fluorescent Pseudomonads
ABSTRACT The diversity of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase ( narG ) and nitrous oxide reductase ( nosZ ) genes in fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from soil and rhizosphere environments was characterized together with that of the 16S rRNA gene by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Fragments of 1,008 bp and 1,433 bp were amplified via PCR with primers specific for the narG and nosZ genes, respectively. The presence of the narG and nosZ genes in the bacterial strains was confirmed by hybridization of the genomic DNA and the PCR products with the corresponding probes. The ability of the strains to either reduce nitrate or totally dissimilate nitrogen was assessed. Overa…