0000000000230267
AUTHOR
Erkki Vilkman
On stress production in whispered Finnish
We have compared sentence stress production in normal phonation and whisper in two native speakers of Finnish using acoustical analysis, esophageal pressure measurements and electromyography. The average peak values of the fundamental frequency, intensity, esophageal pressure and the EMG recordings from the thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles were measured and their intercorrelations were calculated. In normal speech the cricothyroid activity and the subglottal pressure showed a significant correlation with the peak values of the acoustical indicators of stress for both subjects. The thyroarytenoid muscle showed a statistically significant correlation with the fundamental frequency for …
External laryngeal frame function in voice production revisited: A review
Research indicates significant contribution of extrinsic laryngeal mechanisms to voice production. This article reviews the major theories of the role of the external laryngeal factors in voice production and relevant experimental data. The review suggests that partly neglected external factors and possibly even misinterpretation of some of the recently documented individual variation in physiological data may have unnecessarily complicated the issues pertaining to the interplay between the physiological mechanisms of the larynx. The implications of contemporary findings and documentation in the modeling of the extrinsic factors are discussed and a synthesis of empirical data into two simpl…
Roentgenological observations on vocal fold length-changes with special reference to register transition and open/covered voice
This paper examines the length-changes of the vocal folds as a function of voice pitch. Changes in normalized vocal fold elongation (strain) were measured indirectly from calcification points in several laryngeal structures from roentgenological exposures during singing. Changes in vocal fold strain are shown to occur mainly in the register transition area, i.e. the area within which all register changes take place. Changes in vocal fold strain appeared similar in male and female subjects. Evidence for different strain patterns in covered and open singing is presented for female subjects: Strain is higher in non-singers and (“incorrect”) open voice, lower in singers and (“correct”) covered …