21. Mainzer Allergie-Workshop

Flow chemistry: Imidazole-based ionic liquid syntheses in micro-scale

The quarternization of an N-atom in the 1-methyl-imidazole with different alkylating agents was investigated to form so-called Ionic Liquids. (3-Chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane, 1-chlorobutane, diethyl sulfate and methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate were used as alkylating agents. Reaction kinetics range from very slow to instantaneous and the reaction heat from endothermal to extremely exothermal respectively. The reactions were performed under flow conditions using different types of microstructured reactors as well as pre-structurized reactants in the micro-scale. Unusual heat management with integrated heat pipes allow safer performing of highly exothermal reactions with comparably high thr…

Bioengineered human bone tissue using autogenous osteoblasts cultured on different biomatrices

Surgical treatment of critical-size posttraumatic bone defects is still a challenging problem, even in modern bone and joint surgery. Progress in cellular and molecular biology during the last decade now permits novel approaches in bone engineering. Recent conceptual and technical advances have enabled the use of mitotically expanded, bone-derived cells as a therapeutic approach for tissue repair. Using three different tissue carrier systems, we successfully cultivated human osteoblasts in a newly developed perfusion chamber. We studied cell proliferation and the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein-2A, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth fact…

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Continuum of Care in 11 European Union Countries at the End of 2016 Overall and by Key Population: Have We Made Progress?

Abstract Background High uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and related mortality; however, gaps in care exist. We aimed to construct the continuum of HIV care (CoC) in 2016 in 11 European Union (EU) countries, overall and by key population and sex. To estimate progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 target, we compared 2016 to 2013 estimates for the same countries, representing 73% of the population in the region. Methods A CoC with the following 4 stages was constructed: number of people living with HIV (PLHIV); proportion of PLHIV diagnosed; proportion of those diagnosed …

Heat pipe controlled syntheses of ionic liquids in microstructured reactors

Abstract The combination of a heat pipe and a microstructured reactor allows to perform highly exothermal reactions under safe conditions. First experiments for the synthesis of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-triflate from 1-methylimidazol and methyl triflate showed that at high flow rates of more than 5 ml/min through a single 300 μm × 500 μm wide and 400 mm long channel quantitative conversion could be achieved. This chemical reaction, known for extreme heat release, can be retained under thermal control even at much higher flow rates.

MicroSISAK: continuous liquid–liquid extractions of radionuclides at 0.2 mL/min

Abstract Continuous liquid–liquid extraction of short-lived radionuclides has traditionally been performed with the SISAK system consisting of static mixers and H-centrifuges for phase separation. SISAK operates at flow rates of typically 1 mL/s. Thus, it produces large volumes of radioactive liquid waste that is difficult to dispose of. Therefore, it has been aimed to develop and use a further miniaturised extraction unit based on microtechnology and precision engineering to reduce the flow rate by at least two orders of magnitude. The accordingly developed MicroSISAK device is a micro membrane extractor in which a micromixer element with 2 × 16 feed channels of 30 µm width followed by a 6…

Improved Sedation in Diagnostic and Therapeutic ERCP: Propofol is an Alternative to Midazolam

Background and Study Aims: Adequate sedation of the patient is required for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The anesthetic propofol, with its shorter half-life, affording better control, offers an alternative to the benzodiazepine midazolam. The aim of this randomized, controlled, unblinded study was to compare prospectively the quality of sedation under propofol and midazolam in patients undergoing ERCP. Patients and Methods: A total of 80 patients were randomized to sedation with propofol alone (n=40) or midazolam alone (n = 40). Blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation were measured. Midazolam was given by the endoscopist and titrated…