0000000000248380
AUTHOR
Hermann Koepsell
Addition of NMDA-receptor antagonist MK801 during oxygen/glucose deprivation moderately attenuates the upregulation of glucose uptake after subsequent reoxygenation in brain endothelial cells
During stroke the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is damaged which can result in vasogenic brain edema and inflammation. The reduced blood supply leads to decreased delivery of oxygen and glucose to affected areas of the brain. Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) can cause upregulation of glucose uptake of brain endothelial cells. In this letter, we investigated the influence of MK801, a non-competitive inhibitor of the NMDA-receptor, on the regulation of the glucose uptake and of the main glucose transporters glut1 and sglt1 in murine BBB cell line cerebEND during OGD. mRNA expression of glut1 was upregulated 68.7- fold after 6 h OGD, which was significantly reduced by 10 μM MK801 to 28.9-fold.…
Expression of Na+-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 in rodents is kidney-specific and exhibits sex and species differences
With a novel antibody against the rat Na+-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 (rSGLT2-Ab), which does not cross-react with rSGLT1 or rSGLT3, the ∼75-kDa rSGLT2 protein was localized to the brush-border membrane (BBM) of the renal proximal tubule S1 and S2 segments (S1 > S2) with female-dominant expression in adult rats, whereas rSglt2 mRNA expression was similar in both sexes. Castration of adult males increased the abundance of rSGLT2 protein; this increase was further enhanced by estradiol and prevented by testosterone treatment. In the renal BBM vesicles, the rSGLT1-independent uptake of [14C]-α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside was similar in females and males, suggesting functional contribution of…
Acetylcholine and Molecular Components of its Synthesis and Release Machinery in the Urothelium
Abstract Objectives Previous studies provided indirect evidence for urothelial synthesis and release of acetylcholine (ACh). We aimed to determine directly the ACh content in the urothelium and to characterize the molecular components of its synthesis and release machinery. Methods The study was performed on mouse bladder and abraded urothelium, and human mucosal bladder biopsies. ACh content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry served to investigate expression of ACh-synthesizing enzymes—choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and carnitine acetyltransferase (CarAT)—vesicular ACh t…
RS1 (Rsc1A1) deficiency limits cerebral SGLT1 expression and delays brain damage after experimental traumatic brain injury
Acute cerebral lesions are associated with dysregulation of brain glucose homeostasis. Previous studies showed that knockdown of Na+ -D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 impaired outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion and that widely expressed intracellular RS1 (RSC1A1) is involved in transcriptional and post-translational down-regulation of SGLT1. In the present study, we investigated whether SGLT1 is up-regulated during traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether removal of RS1 in mice (RS1-KO) influences SGLT1 expression and outcome. Unexpectedly, brain SGLT1 mRNA in RS1-KO was similar to wild-type whereas it was increased in small intestine and decreased in kidney. One day after TBI, SGL…