Potential roles of extracellular vesicles in brain cell-to-cell communication

Potential roles of extracellular vesicles in brain cell-to-cell communication Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released into thè extracellular space from both cancer and normal brain cells, and are probably able to modify thè phenotypic properties of receiving cells1. EVs released from astrocytes and neurons contain FGF2 and VEGF2'3 and induce a 'blood-brain barrier' (BBB) phenotype in cultured brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs, unpublished results), On thè other hand, EVs from G26/24 oligodendroglioma induce apoptosis in neurons and astrocytes4-5. These effects are probably due to Fas Ligand and TRAIL, present in G26/24 vesicles4-5. Moreover, G26/24 EVs contain extracellular matrix …

BASI DELL'ORGANIZZAZIONE BIOLOGICA

) Classificazione degli organismi Albero dello vita ) Cellula "alle origini" Organismi e cellule Sviluppo dello teoria cellulare Proprietà fondamentali delle cellule ) Cellula procariotica Procorioti più antichi: Archaea Batteria ) Virus Caratteristiche generali Origine e natura ) Cellula eucariotica Membrane biologiche Nucleo Reticolo endoplasmatico Ribosomi Mitocondri Complesso del Golgi Lisosomi Perossisomi Citoscheletro

3D cultures of rat astrocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells on Poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds

Tissue engineering is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims at reproducing in vitro and/or in vivo tissues with morphological and functional features similar to the biological tissue of the human body. In this communication we report setting of three-dimensional structures able to mimic the extracellular matrix of the nervous system: we prepared Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) porous scaffolds via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), and investigated the parameters that influence porosity, average pore size and degree of interconnection, i.e. polymer concentration, temperature and time of process. Astrocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) were cultured on these three-…

Isolation and characterisation of tangerin-derived extracellular vesicles

Localization of antimicrobial peptides in the tunic of Ciona intestinalis (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) and their involvement in local inflammatory-like reactions

AbstractTunicates comprising a wide variety of different species synthesize antimicrobial peptides as important effector molecules of the innate immune system. Recently, two putative gene families coding for antimicrobial peptides were identified in the expressed sequence tag database of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Two synthetic peptides representing the cationic core region of one member of each of the families displayed potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. Moreover, the natural peptides were demonstrated to be synthesized and stored in distinct hemocyte types. Here, we investigated the presence of these natural peptides, namely Ci-MAM-A and Ci-PAP-A, in the tunic of C. int…

E-selectin modulates the malignant properties of T84 colon carcinoma cells.

The extravasation of metastatic cells is regulated by molecular events involving the initial adhesion of tumor cells to the endothelium and subsequently the migration of cells in the host connective tissue. E-selectin on endothelial cells and sialyl Lewis X carbohydrate component on tumor cells are mainly involved in the adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to the endothelium of target organ. Interaction of T84 colon cancer cells to purified E-selectin in vitro caused an increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins as well as the modulation of cellular properties correlated to the metastatic phenotype. Specifically, E-selectin-stimulated actin reorganization, increased coll…