0000000000284060
AUTHOR
Ma Ron
Diffusion MRI-based cortical complexity alterations associated with executive function in multiple sclerosis.
Purpose: To report a novel magnetic resonance imaging measure (diffusion orientational complexity [DOC]) in a study of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls and to determine patterns of abnormality, correlations with conventional diffusion measures, and associations with cognitive function. Materials and Methods: We performed high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) and measured DOC, mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) in 51 MS patients and 28 healthy controls. All subjects had a 2-mm isotropic HARDI scan on a 3 T scanner using a 32-channel head receiver coil. DOC, MD, and FA were measured in three regions of interest (ROIs) in frontal cortex li…
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis can be predicted by imaging early in the disease.
Background: Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and adds significantly to the burden of the disease. The ability to predict future cognitive impairment from imaging obtained at disease onset has not been investigated. Methods: 62 patients imaged within 3 months of a clinically isolated syndrome were assessed neuropsychologically 7 years later. Baseline and periodic MRI measures of lesions, atrophy and normal-appearing white and grey matter were regressed against neuropsychological scores to explore the best predictors of cognitive outcome. Results: 28 patients had developed clinically definite MS at follow-up and a further nine met revised McDonald criteria for MS. Def…
IMPAIRED DECISION-MAKING AND DIFFUSION ORIENTATIONAL COMPLEXITY IN PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Objective Difficulties with decision-making have been reported in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is however unclear what aspect of decision making is impaired, for example whether they are more impulsive, and how any impairments relate to grey matter pathology. In this study we assess grey matter microstructure using a novel measure of the number of diffusion orientations on diffusion MRI “diffusion orientation complexity (DOC)”. We studied DOC in cortical areas known to be associated with decision making and looked at its associations with performance on the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT). Method One hundred and five patients with MS (61 RR, 26 SP, 18 PP; mean age: 45.9 years) and …
The neuropsychology of variant CJD: a comparative study with inherited and sporadic forms of prion disease.
Objective: To assess cognitive function in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). We describe the neuropsychological profiles of 10 cases and compare these data with cross sectional data obtained from patients with histologically confirmed sporadic CJD and cases with inherited prion disease with confirmed mutations in the prion protein gene. Methods: Patients referred to the Specialist Cognitive Disorders Clinic at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and the National Prion Clinic at St Mary's Hospital, London for further investigation of suspected CJD were recruited into the study. The neuropsychological test battery evaluated general intelligence, visual and verbal memo…