0000000000310296
AUTHOR
J. Schrezenmeir
Effect of gut-derived acetate on glucose turnover in man
1. The effect of acetate absorbed from the gut on glucose turnover has been determined in four healthy subjects during both fasting and an intravenous glucose infusion by using [U-13C]glucose. 2. In the first part of the study, after an overnight fast, a tracer dose of [U-13C]glucose was infused at a constant rate along with an infusion of saline for 7 h. In the second part the saline infusion was replaced by glucose at 4.25 mg min−1 kg−1. In both studies 15 mmol of sodium acetate was given by mouth at 15 min intervals from the fourth to the sixth hour. Glucose turnover, respiratory quotient, metabolic rate and blood levels of acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, insulin, glucagon and gastr…
Ciclosporin and prednisone v. prednisone in treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy: a controlled, randomized and prospective study.
Forty patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy stages III-V were divided into two groups in a random manner according to their year of birth. Group I received prednisone in decreasing dosage. Group II received prednisone at a comparable dosage and ciclosporin. Steroids were discontinued after 10 weeks in the two groups. In the patients of group II, ciclosporin was continued over 12 months. The therapeutic effect was assessed by an activity score based on subjective and objective symptoms (computerized tomography and sonography of the orbit, Hertel values, clinical findings). All signs of endocrine ophthalmopathy improved significantly in both groups (P less than 0.01 in group I; P less than 0.0…
Architecture in cortical bone and ultrasound transmission velocity
The square of ultrasound transmission velocity in a material is correlated to the modulus of elasticity, which is an indicator of its mechanical properties. This might make the measurement of ultrasound transmission velocity useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of bone diseases. Bone, however, is not an isotropic material but is architecturally structured. The aim of our study was to investigate and especially to quantify the influence of architecture in cortical bone on ultrasound transmission velocity. Twenty-two rectangular, flat specimens of cortical bone were prepared from diaphysis of fresh pig radius. Ultrasound transmission velocity was measured parallel and perpendicular to directio…
Multiple Peptide Hormone Producing Adenocarcinoma of Lung with Neurotensin and CRF-like Immunoreactivity
Summary A pulmonary cancer of a 43 year-old-man was classified according to WHO-criteria as a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma because of demonstration of mucinous substances in tumor cells and in rarely occurring acinar lumina. Immunohistochemical reactivity for several peptide hormones was detected in the predominant solid parts of the carcinoma. In many tumor cells an immunoreactivity to neurotensin, bombesin and — according to the elevated serum levels — to ACTH, CRF and calcitonin was found. Therefore the present lung cancer must be defined as a combined carcinoma composed of mucous producing and endocrine cell types. Because peptide hormone production is not restricted to the clas…
Familial insulin resistant diabetes associated with acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovaries, hypogonadism, pigmentary retinopathy, labyrinthine deafness, and mental retardation.
Two sibs, whose parents are first cousins, had diabetes mellitus with hyperinsulinism, insensitive insulin receptors, and acanthosis nigricans. Both patients had pigmentary retinopathy, secondary cataracts, labyrinthine deafness, mental retardation, and cerebral atrophy. They were disproportionately short with relatively broad hands and feet and slightly coarse face. The young woman had secondary amenorrhea and polycystic ovaries and the boy gynecomastia and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. This appears to be the second family with a new autosomal recessive disorder differing from Alstrom syndrome by the presence of mental retardation and absence of renal insufficiency. Impaired insulin rec…
Effect of gut-derived acetate on oral glucose tolerance in man.
1. Dietary fibre has a moderating impact on glucose metabolism. To test the hypothesis that this effect of fibre may be mediated by its breakdown product acetate, oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out in healthy volunteers with and without acetate. 2. Five subjects received 50 g of glucose orally while taking either acetate (15 mmol every 15 min) by mouth or chloride as control. Oral acetate made no detectable difference to glucose tolerance or to levels of free fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, insulin, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. 3. The 50 g dose of glucose temporarily depressed acetate levels in blood. This was probably due to an interaction between glucos…
Erfolgreiche Xenotransplantation von mikroenkapsuliertem Nebenschilddrüsengewebe: Nachweis der Langzeitfunktion ohne Immunsuppression im Tierversuch
Ein permanenter Hypoparathyreoidismus liegt vor, wenn die Calciumkonzentration im Serum uber einen Zeitraum von 6 Monaten hinaus unter 2,2 mmol/1 erniedrigt ist. Haufigste Ursache ist die iatrogene irreversible Schadigung oder Exstirpation der Nebenschilddrusen im Rahmen von Schilddrusenoperationen. Die Angaben uber die Inzi-denz persistierender Hypocalcamie schwanken nach subtotaler Schilddrusenresektion zwischen 0,2 und 1,9% und reichen nach Thyreoidektomie von 0,4–13,8% [1, 2, 3, 4]. Persistierender Hypoparathyreoidismus fuhrt zunachst zu gesteigerter neuromuskularer Erregbarkeit, die sich vor allem in Form von rezidivierenden Tetanien, Konvulsionen und Parasthesien ausert. Die organisch…