0000000000320147
AUTHOR
Pertti Heinonen
Lipid-Filled semipermeable membrane devices and mussels as samplers of organochlorine compounds in lake water.
Semipermeable membrane sampling devices (SPMDs) and caged lake mussels (Anodonta piscinalis) were simultaneously deployed at four lake watercourse sites in Central Finland four weeks in August 1992. This study was part of the regular annual monitoring of the organochlorine compounds (OCC) in pulp-mill recipient watercourses of Finland with bivalves. Chlorohydrocarbons (CHCs), chlorophenol compounds (PCPs), chloroanisoles (PCAs) and chloroveratroles (PCVs) were analyzed from lipid extract of mussels and from the synthetic triolein lipid of the SPMDs. Hexane-diethyl ether (9:1, v/v) dialysis using polyethylene membrane was applied in dean up of the SPMD lipids and, for comparison, to six sets…
Survey of organochlorines in Finnish watercourses by caged mussel method
Monitoring organochlorine compounds with caged common lake mussels (Anodonta piscinalis) in the pulp and paper mill recipient watercourses of Finland annually from 1984 produced many statistically significant time trends. A decrease of chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols originating from chlorobleaching were observed in all recipients in parallel with the decreasing discharges from the mills. Metabolites of chlorophenols, chloroanisoles and chloroveratroles were constant. Significantly elevated PCB concentrations were measured in four watercourses. At two of these areas, the PCB concentrations were constant. In contrast, a statistically significant increase of PCB (and DDE) was found at one r…
A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices
Abstract A survey is presented of some recent results for passive sampling of water and air for trace organic contaminants using lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Results of water sampling for trace organochlorine compounds using simultaneously exposed SPMDs and the most universally applied biomonitor (bivalves) are discussed. In general, the total amounts of accumulated analytes available for analysis in bivalves and SPMDs were comparable. However, SPMD controls typically had negligible levels of contamination, which was not always the case for transplanted bivalves, even after prolonged depuration prior to exposure. In surveys of the spatial trends of organochlorines at…
Ecotest device for estimation of environmental fate of chemicals in the laboratory
Abstract A glass vessel device with water volume of 20 L was constructed for fast testing of the fate of a chemical in freshwater watercourse environment. The dynamic system consisted of natural water with throughflow, of 4.5 mL min−1 and bottom sediment from a clean oligohumic lake in Central Finland. Duckweed (Lemna sp.) as plant material, lake mussel (Anodonta piscinalis) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) as test animals were included in the test device. Tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) was dissolved at start to water to make 2 μg L−1 concentration. The same concentration of TeCG was maintained in inflow water. After static and dynamic pre-tests, a dynamic four weeks test at 15°C was run …
Trends of organochlorine compounds in Finnish inland waters
Caged common lake mussels (Anodonta piscinalis) have been used in the monitoring of organochlorine compounds in pulp and paper mill recipient watercourses of Finland annually from 1984 to 1998. Statistically significant decreasing trends of chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols originating from chlorobleaching were observed in all recipients in parallel with the decreasing discharges from the mills. Metabolites of chlorophenols, chloroanisoles and chloroveratroles had no or slightly increasing trends. Elevated PCB concentrations were measured in four watercourses. In two areas, PCBs were found to be significantly increasing, in two other cases they showed no trend. A mill producing recycled pap…