CD4 T lymphocyte autophagy is upregulated in the salivary glands of primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients and correlates with focus score and disease activity
Background Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and peripheral lymphocyte perturbation. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the possible pathogenic implication of autophagy in T lymphocytes in patients with pSS. Methods Thirty consecutive pSS patients were recruited together with 20 patients affected by sicca syndrome and/or chronic sialoadenitis and 30 healthy controls. Disease activity and damage were evaluated according to SS disease activity index, EULAR SS disease activity index, and SS disease damage index. T lymphocytes were analyzed for the expression of autophagy-specific marke…
Interleukin-36α axis is modulated in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the interleukin (IL)-36 axis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Blood and minor labial salivary glands (MSG) biopsies were obtained from 35 pSS and 20 non-Sjögren's syndrome patients (nSS) patients. Serum IL-36α was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-36α, IL-36R, IL-36RA, IL-38, IL-22, IL-17, IL-23p19 and expression in MSGs was assessed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), and tissue IL-36α and IL-38 expression was also investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). αβ and γδ T cells and CD68+ cells isolated from MSGs were also studied by flow cytometry and confocal …
THU0045 IL-25/IL-17RB AXIS IS ACTIVATED AND ASSOCIATED WITH ILC2 EXPANSION IN GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS (GPA)
Background: Pathogenesis of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is still unknown. However, it has been observed a skewing of circulating CD4+ T cells toward the Th17 and Th2 phenotype. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 25 (IL-25) is a member of IL-17 cytokine family associated to the Th2 immune phenotype. Through the receptor IL17RB, IL-25 further sustains the Th2-type immune response and elicits the expansion of the type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and M2 macrophages. A pathogenic role of the innate lymphoid cells in GPA has been recently demonstrated; however, the relevance of IL-25 in this condition remains unexplored. Objectives: Aim of the study was to evaluate the expres…
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1
Contains fulltext : 232759.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to…
Autophagy
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide…
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of CD4 T lymphocyte autophagy is upregulated in the salivary glands of primary SjĂśgrenâ s syndrome patients and correlates with focus score and disease activity
IL-23p19 and IL-21 mRNA level correlations with mRNA levels of autophagy genes. IL-23p19 and IL-21 mRNA levels were directly and significantly correlated with the mRNA levels of ATG16L1, ATG5, and IRGM autophagy genes. (TIF 50 kb)