Two changes of the same nucleotide confer resistance to diuron and antimycin in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

AbstractDiuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and antimycin, both inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, block electron flow between cytochromes b and c1. Mutants resistant to either drug have been selected using Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains with an extrachromosomally inherited mutator. In analogy to Saccharomyces cerevisiae these mutational sites were assumed to map in the cytochrome b gene. DNA sequence analysis showed that two changes in the same nucleotide are responsible for resistance to antimycin and diuron. Analysis of resistant and sensitive progeny of crosses between the mutants and the wild type confirmed the correlation between mutational alteration and resista…

Convergence properties of classes of decomposable measures

Aging of the surface of an Al-Cr-Fe approximant phase in ambient conditions: Chemical composition and physical properties

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the surface properties of quasicrystalline and approximant phases in the Al-(Cu)-Cr-Fe system upon aging in ambient conditions. We found that some of these properties (like the electrochemical behavior, wetting or friction) slowly evolves with the length of exposure to normal atmospheric conditions, reaching a stable state only after several days. This report essentially focuses on one of these alloys, an Al65Cr27Fe8 approximant phase with g-brass structure. In a first part, we describe the effect of aging on the electrochemical behavior of this alloy and we propose an interpretation based on a simple electrical model of the oxidized surface. In a second part, w…

The vertical profile of condensation nuclei on cloudy days

On Conditioning Operators

The construction of conditional events (so-called measure-free conditioning) has a long history and is one of the fundamental problems in non-deterministic system theory (cf. [6]). In particular, the iteration of measure-free conditioning is still an open problem. The present paper tries to make a contribution to this question. In particular, we give an axiomatic introduction of conditioning operators which act as binary operations on the universe of events. The corresponding axiom system of this type of operators focus special attention on the intuitive understanding that the event ‘α given β’ is somewhere in “between” ‘α and β’ and ‘β implies α’. A detailed motivation of these axioms can …

Fundamentals of a Generalized Measure Theory

In this chapter, we try to present a coherent survey on some recent attempts in building a theory of generalized measures. Our main goal is to emphasize a minimal set of axioms both for the measures and their domains, and still to be able to prove significant results. Therefore we start with fairly general structures and enrich them with additional properties only if necessary.

Decomposable Measures and Measures of Information for Crisp and Fuzzy Sets

Abstract There exist bijections between the decomposable informations of Kampe de Feriet and Forte (1967a) and the decomposable measures of Weber (1982). Using integrals for Archimedean decomposable operations, introduced by Weber (1982), informations and measures of this type are extended from crisp to fuzzy sets. For ∨-decomposable measures, Sugeno’s (1974) integral is used. For ∧-decomposable informations, Nguyen’s (1977) construction and a modification are discussed.

Abstracts of papers presented at the 7th International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies (ISSIS-VII)

CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON COMPOUNDS FROM URBAN AND RURAL AEROSOL SOURCES

Abstract Iron plays an important role in the chemistry and physics (by varying the hygroscopicity) of the atmosphere. Bulk samples were taken from an air-conditioning device, from the electrofilter of a gas–oil power station of the Technical University of and from rural sites near Darmstadt, situated between medium-altitude mountains and with a climate dominated by air masses from the west. Samples were collected in urban and rural (meadow) air, from different waste incineration power stations, from the exhausts of a gasoline and from a diesel motor car, and from a private gas fired heating system. The samples were characterized for elemental composition by total reflection X-ray fluorescen…