0000000000345211
AUTHOR
Joachim Wahl
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost four hundred thousand polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of western and far eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, ~8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in G…
An integrative skeletal and paleogenomic analysis of prehistoric stature variation suggests relatively reduced health for early European farmers
AbstractHuman culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture ~12,000 years before present (BP). Subsistence shifts from hunting and gathering to agriculture are hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a simultaneous decline in physiological health as inferred from paleopathological analyses and stature reconstructions of skeletal remains. A key component of the health decline inference is that relatively shorter statures observed for early farmers may (at least partly) reflect higher childhood disease burdens and poorer nutrition. However, while…
Neanderthal behaviour, diet, and disease inferred from ancient DNA in dental calculus
Weyrich, Laura S. et al.
Sagittal suture morphological variation in human archaeological populations
Cranial sutures join the many bones of the skull. They are therefore points of weakness and consequently subjected to the many mechanical stresses affecting the cranium. However, the way in which this impacts their morphological complexity remains unclear. We examine the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of human sagittal sutures by quantifying the morphology from 107 individuals from archaeological populations spanning the Mesolithic to Middle ages, using standardized two-dimensional photographs. Results show that the most important factor determining sutural complexity appears to be the position along the cranial vault from the junction with the coronal suture at its anterior-most point …
Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes1,2,3,4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians3, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these popula…
Early Holocene ritual complexity in South America: the archaeological record of Lapa do Santo (east-central Brazil)
Early Archaic human skeletal remains found in a burial context in Lapa do Santo in east-central Brazil provide a rare glimpse into the lives of hunter-gatherer communities in South America, including their rituals for dealing with the dead. These included the reduction of the body by means of mutilation, defleshing, tooth removal, exposure to fire and possibly cannibalism, followed by the secondary burial of the remains according to strict rules. In a later period, pits were filled with disarticulated bones of a single individual without signs of body manipulation, demonstrating that the region was inhabited by dynamic groups in constant transformation over a period of centuries.
Ein Beitrag zur metrischen Geschlechtsdiagnose verbrannter und unverbrannter menschlicher Knochenreste?ausgearbeitet an der Pars petrosa ossis temporalis
Die vorliegende Arbeit prasentiert eine neue Methode zur Geschlechtsdiagnose, eine uni-, di- und multivariate Analyse der Pars petrosa, eines Teiles des Schlafenbeines — angeregt durch das haufige Auftreten dieser Struktur in Leichenbranden. Wie der Vergleich der Irrtumswahrscheinlichkeiten zweier Diskriminanzfunktionen zeigt, erweist sich die Einbeziehung aller erhobenen Variablen als vorteilhaft. Schon die Berucksichtigung von nur drei Masen fuhrt zu einer geringeren Fehlerquote bei der Geschlechtszuweisung als bei einigen konventionellen Verfahren. Abschliesend wird das Problem der Schrumpfung fur die Ubertragbarkeit der Methode auf Leichenbrandmaterial erortert, und schrumpfungskorrigie…