How Smart Cities Explore New Technologies

The concept of smart city is considered as a new paradigm of urban development. Information and communication technologies are expected to transform cities into smart cities and improve the citizens’ quality of life. However, smart city initiatives still have difficulties to leverage value from technology opportunities. How smart city initiatives examine the possibilities of new technologies is therefore a highly interesting question. Based on a multiple case study we identify two different approaches and factors that influence the choice of approach: Cities either initially focus on use cases solving urban challenges, or on a systematic build-up of a technological platform for future use c…

Nuclear Quark and Gluon Distributions in Coordinate Space

In coordinate space, quark and gluon distributions of the nucleon are defined as correlation functions involving two field operators separated by a light-cone distance $y^+ = 2l$. We study the nuclear modifications of these distributions. The largest effect is a strong depletion of parton distributions (shadowing) at large longitudinal distances, which starts for all parton species at $l=2$ fm, i.e. at the average nucleon-nucleon separation in nuclei. On the other hand, the nuclear radius does not play a significant role. At $l \lsim 1$ fm, nuclear modifications of parton distributions are small. The intrinsic structure of individual nucleons is evidently not very much affected by nuclear b…

Nuclear parton distributions in coordinate space

How to start with big data - a multiple case study

How Companies Develop a Culture for Digital Innovation: A Multiple-Case Study

Companies are constantly facing new challenges through digital technologies, as they can cause rapid changes in their business environment. Digital innovations can offer the opportunity to gain competitive advantages, but in practice, companies often struggle to create the conditions for this. Developing a culture for digital innovation is an important capability that companies need to build. It includes appropriate organizational structures, working methods, skills, and new ways of thinking in the innovation process. This has been explored in previous research at a high level of abstraction. Our paper complements past findings with a detailed study of what activities companies are doing in…