Open-charm meson spectroscopy

We present a theoretical framework that accounts for the new $D_J$ and $D_{sJ}$ mesons measured in the open-charm sector. These resonances are properly described if considered as a mixture of conventional $P-$wave quark-antiquark states and four-quark components. The narrowest states are basically $P-$wave quark-antiquark mesons, while the dominantly four-quark states are shifted above the corresponding two-meson threshold, being broad resonances. We study the electromagnetic decay widths as basic tools to scrutiny their nature. The proposed explanation incorporates in a natural way the most recently discovered mesons in charmonium spectroscopy.

Towards the understanding of the meson spectra

We present a quark-quark interaction for the complete study of the meson spectra, from the light to the heavy sector. We compare the quark model predictions against well-established $q\bar q$ experimental data. This allows to identify discrepancies between quark model results and experiment that may signal physics beyond conventional hadron spectroscopy.

Is prolonged infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients associated with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and patient outcomes? An observation from the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DALI) cohort

Objectives: We utilized the database of the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DALI) study to statistically compare the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical outcomes between prolonged- infusion and intermittent-bolus dosing of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients using inclusion criteria similar to those used in previous prospective studies. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicentre pharmacokinetic point-prevalence study (DALI), which recruited a large cohort of critically ill patients from 68 ICUs across 10 countries. Results: Of the 211 patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in the DAL…

Quark-model description of the NN*(1440) potential

We derive a $NN^*$(1440) potential from a non-relativistic quark-quark interaction and a chiral quark cluster model for the baryons. By making use of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation we examine the most important features of this interaction in comparison to those obtained from meson-exchange models.

Multiquark description of theDsJ(2860)andDsJ(2700)

Within a theoretical framework that accounts for all open-charm mesons, including the ${D}_{0}^{*}(2308)$, the ${D}_{sJ}^{*}(2317)$, and the ${D}_{sJ}(2460)$, we analyze the structure and explore possible quantum number assignments for the ${D}_{sJ}(2860)$ and the ${D}_{sJ}(2700)$ mesons reported by BABAR and Belle Collaborations. The open-charm sector is properly described if considered as a combination of conventional quark-antiquark states and four-quark components. All negative parity and ${2}^{+}$ states can be understood in terms only of $q\overline{q}$ components, however the description of the ${0}^{+}$ and ${1}^{+}$ mesons is improved whenever the mixing between two- and four-quark…

Understanding open-charm mesons

We present a theoretical framework that accounts for the new $D_J$ and $D_{sJ}$ mesons measured in the open-charm sector. These resonances are properly described if considered as a mixture of conventional $P-$wave quark-antiquark states and four-quark components. The narrowest states are basically $P-$wave quark-antiquark mesons, while the dominantly four-quark states are shifted above the corresponding two-meson threshold. We study the electromagnetic decay widths as basic tools to scrutiny their nature.

The non-perturbative unquenched quark model

In recent years states in the quarkonium spectrum not expected in the naive quark model have appeared and created a lot of interest. In the theoretical side the study of the effect of meson-meson thresholds in the spectrum have been performed in different approximations. In a quark model framework, and in the spirit of the Cornell model, when a meson-meson threshold is included, the coupling to all the quark-antiquark states have to be considered. In practice only the closest states are included perturbatively. In this contribution we will present a framework in which we couple quark-antiquark states with meson-meson states non-perturbatively, taking into account effectively the coupling to…

Extended van Royen-Weisskopf formalism for lepton-antilepton meson decay widths within non-relativistic quark models

The classical van Royen-Weisskopf formula for the decay width of a meson into a lepton-antilepton pair is modified in order to include non-zero quark momentum contributions within the meson as well as relativistic effects. Besides, a phenomenological electromagnetic density for quarks is introduced. The meson wave functions are obtained from two different models: a chiral constituent quark model and a quark potential model including instanton effects. The modified van Royen-Weisskopf formula is found to improve systematically the results for the widths, giving an overall good description of all known decays.

Understanding the Low Energy Hadron Spectrum in a Chiral Quark Cluster Model

The low energy N and Δ spectra are studied by means of a chiral quark cluster model. We solve the Schrodinger equation in the hyperspherical harmonic approach. The interacting potential includes Goldstone boson exchanges besides the usual one-gluon exchange. The predicted baryonic spectrum is quite reasonable. However, if consistency with the two-baryon sector is required, the observed inversion of the positive and negative parity excitations of the nucleon cannot be obtained. Alternative solutions are discussed.

Derecho de asociación y elecciones: Las condiciones de la oposición

Towards a Unified Description of the Baryon Spectrum and the Baryon-Baryon Interaction within a Potential Model Scheme

We study the low energy part of the nucleon and ∆ spectra by solving the Schrodinger equation for the three-quark system in the hyperspherical harmonic approach. The quark-quark hamiltonian considered includes, besides the usual one-gluon exchange, pion and sigma exchanges generated by the chiral symmetry breaking This quark-quark potential reproduces, in a Resonating Group Method calculation, the nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts and the deuteron properties. The baryonic spectrum obtained is quite reasonable and the resulting wave function is consistent with the ansatz used in the two baryon system.

A microscopic N N → N N*(1440) potential

By means of a NN → N N* (1440) transition potential derived in a parameter-free way from a quark-model based N N potential, we determine simultaneously the πN N*(1440) and σ N N* (1440) coupling constants. We also present a study of the target Roper excitation diagram contributing to the p(d,d’) reaction.

Quark-model based study of the triton binding energy

The three-nucleon bound state problem is studied employing a nucleon-nucleon potential obtained from a basic quark-quark interaction in a five-channel Faddeev calculation. The obtained triton binding energy is comparable to those predicted by conventional models of the $NN$ force.

B meson spectroscopy

We study the $B$ meson spectroscopy allowing the mixture of conventional $P$ wave quark-antiquark states and four-quark components. A similar picture was used to describe the new $D_J$ and $D_{sJ}$ open charm mesons. The four-quark components shift the masses of some positive parity $B_{sJ}$ states below their corresponding isospin preserving two-meson threshold and therefore they are expected to be narrow. Electromagnetic decay widths are analyzed.

A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. Its natural populations are phenotypically and genetically very diverse. A survey of B. cinerea isolates causing gray mold in the vineyards of Castilla y León, Spain, was carried out and as a result eight non-pathogenic natural variants were identified. Phenotypically these isolates belong to two groups. The first group consists of seven isolates displaying a characteristic mycelial morphotype, which do not sporulate and is unable to produce sclerotia. The second group includes one isolate, which sporulates profusely and does not produce sclerotia. All of them are unresponsive to light. Crosses between a repr…

Chiral quark cluster model approach to the baryon spectra and the NN interaction

Nature of the light scalar mesons

Despite the apparent simplicity of meson spectroscopy, light scalar mesons cannot be accommodated in the usual $q\bar q$ structure. We study the description of the scalar mesons below 2 GeV in terms of the mixing of a chiral nonet of tetraquarks with conventional $q\bar q$ states. A strong diquark-antidiquark component is found for several states. The consideration of a glueball as dictated by quenched lattice QCD drives a coherent picture of the isoscalar mesons.

Tetraquarks in a chiral constituent-quark model

We analyze the possibility of heavy-light tetraquark bound states by means of a chiral constituent quark model. The study is done in a variational approach. Special attention is paid to the contribution given by the different terms of the interacting potential and also to the role played by the different color channels. We find a stable state for both $qq\bar{c}\bar{c}$ and $qq\bar{b}\bar{b}$ configurations. Possible decay modes of these structures are analyzed.

Constituent quark model study of the meson spectra

The $q\bar q$ spectrum is studied in a generalized constituent quark model constrained in the study of the $NN$ phenomenology and the baryon spectrum. An overall good fit to the available experimental data is obtained. A detailed analysis of all sectors from the light-pseudoscalar and vector mesons to bottomonium is performed paying special attention to the existence and nature of some non well-established states. These results should serve as a complementary tool in distinguishing conventional quark model mesons from glueballs, hybrids or multiquark states.

Multiquark structures in heavy-light meson systems

We look for possible signatures of multiquark structures in the heavy-light meson spectra. The controversial D s 0 ∗ ( 2317 ) and D s 1 ∗ ( 2460 ) states are properly described if considered as a mixture of conventional P-wave q q ¯ and four-quark components. The recently discovered D s J ∗ ( 2860 ) appears as the orthogonal partner of the D s 0 ∗ ( 2317 ) . Similar structures are predicted in the B s sector. We also consider the possible existence of isolated I = 1 four-quark resonances and we argue that their existence can disentangle the ϒ ( n S ) → ϒ ( m S ) π π decay puzzle.

NN Interaction in Chiral Constituent Quark Models

We review the actual state in the description of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction by means of chiral constituent quark models. We present a series of relevant features that are nicely explained within the quark model framework.

LHCb pentaquarks in constituent quark models

The recently discovered $P_c(4380)^+$ and $P_c(4450)^+$ states at LHCb have masses close to the $\bar D\Sigma_c^*$ and $\bar D^*\Sigma_c$ thresholds, respectively, which suggest that they may have significant meson-baryon molecular components. We analyze these states in the framework of a constituent quark model which has been applied to a wide range of hadronic observables, being the model parameters, therefore, completely constrained. The $P_c(4380)^+$ and $P_c(4450)^+$ are studied as molecular states composed by charmed baryons and open charm mesons. Several bound states with the proper binding energy are found in the $\bar D\Sigma_c^*$ and $\bar D^*\Sigma_c$ channels. We discuss the pos…

Spectroscopy of doubly charmed baryons

We study the mass spectrum of baryons with two and three charmed quarks. For double charm baryons the spin splitting is found to be smaller than standard quark-model potential predictions. This splitting is not influenced either by the particular form of the confining potential or by the regularization taken for the contact term of the spin-spin potential. We consistently predict the spectra for triply charmed baryons.

Microscopic description of the nucleon- Delta interaction in the quark cluster model.

By using a nonrelativistic quark cluster model to describe baryonic systems, we generate a nucleon-{Delta} potential from the elementary interaction between constituents. The basic quark-quark potential used provides, when applied to the nucleon-nucleon system, an adequate description of the scattering phase shifts, the deuteron properties and the nonstrange baryonic spectroscopy. Special attention is paid to the short-range behavior of the interaction and its connection to the quark Pauli principle. This establishes a conceptual difference with meson-exchange models where the interaction, due to the lack of data, is not even well defined.

Effect of higher orbital angular momenta in the baryon spectrum

We have performed a Faddeev calculation of the baryon spectrum for the chiral constituent quark model including higher orbital angular momentum states. We have found that the effect of these states is important, although a description of the baryon spectrum of the same quality as the one given by including only the lowest-order configurations can be obtained. We have studied the effect of the pseudoscalar quark-quark interaction on the relative position of the positive- and negative-parity excitations of the nucleon as well as the effect of varying the strength of the color-magnetic interaction.

Quark-model study of few-baryon systems

We review the application of non-relativistic constituent quark models to study one, two and three non-strange baryon systems. We present results for the baryon spectra, potentials and observables of the NN, N$\Delta$, $\Delta\Delta$ and NN$^*(1440)$ systems, and also for the binding energies of three non-strange baryon systems. We make emphasis on observable effects related to quark antisymmetry and its interplay with quark dynamics.