Targeting metabolomics analysis of the sunscreen agent 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate in human urine by automated on-line solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography–time-of-flight/mass spectrometry confirmation
The in vivo metabolism of the xenobiotic agent 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate (EDP), a UV filter commonly used in sunscreen cosmetic products, was studied by targeting metabolomics analysis in human urine. The metabolomic study involved the use of urine from male and female volunteers before and after application of an EDP-containing sunscreen cosmetic. The metabolism of EDP in urine was studied by using the triple quadrupole detector in a combination of Precursor Ion Scanning and Neutral Loss Scanning modes, with and without enzymatic hydrolysis. Detected metabolites were subsequently confirmed as glucuronide conjugates of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoic acid and 4-(N-methylamino)…
Additional file 1 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Clinical characteristics of subjects after 1-year follow-up according to the gender and menopausal status.
Additional file 5 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 5. MRM parameters for determination of steroids and isotopically labelled standards by LC–MS/MS.
Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
[Background]: Gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying mechanism responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in metabolic diseases. Animal studies have also evidenced a causal role of the gut microbiome and metabolic health. However, the role of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and the potential role of the microbiome in influencing sex steroid hormones and shaping sexually dimorphic susceptibility to disease have been largely overlooked. Although there is some evidence of sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functionality, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, most of these studies have not taken into account the go…
Additional file 3 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. DESeq2 results for the differential expressed bacterial taxa between post-menopausal women and men.
Additional file 2 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. DESeq2 results for the differential expressed bacterial taxa between pre-menopausal women and men.
Additional file 6 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 6: Supplementary Figure 1. Associations of gut microbiota composition in non-obese and obese subjects and bacterial families with gender and menopause status. Alpha diversity indices in a) non-obese and b) obese individuals. Beta diversity in non-obese subjects measured by c)Bray-Curtis and d) weighted unifrac. Beta diversity in obese subjects measured by e) Bray-Curtis and f) weighted unifrac. Overall differences in the microbiome composition among groups were assessed by PERMANOVA using 1000 permutations and pairwise differences between groups were assessed using the pairwise.adonis function adjusted for Bonferroni correction. *,P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.g) Volcano plot…
Additional file 4 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 4. DESeq2 results for the differential expressed bacterial taxa between pre-menopausal women and post-menopausal women.
Additional file 7 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 7: Supplementary Figure 2. Associations of gut microbiota functionality with gender and menopause status in non-obese subjects. a) Fold change for the significant differential KEGG pathways between pre-menopausal women and men, and b) pre- and post-menopausal women, identified by DESeq2 adjusting for age and obesity status. Bars are colored according to the Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p values (pFDR).
Additional file 8 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 8: Supplementary Figure 3. Gender and menopausal status differences in gonadal steroids according to the obesity status. Boxplots for the concentrations of progestin,androgens, and estrogens converted to base 10 logarithmic values. Differences among groups were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test, and pair-wise comparisons were assessed by the Wilcoxon test. Significant differences are highlighted in bold italics.
Additional file 9 of Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
Additional file 9: Supplementary Figure 4. Gut microbial associations with circulating testosterone concentrations. a) Permutation tests for the goodness-of-fit (R2Y) and goodness of prediction (Q2Y) for the O-PLS model predicting plasma testosterone levels from bacterial families in non-obese individuals. b) Significant gut bacterial families identified by O-PLS modeling. c) Permutation tests for the goodness-of-fit (R2Y) and goodness of prediction (Q2Y) for the O-PLS model predicting plasma testosterone levels after 1-year follow-up from bacterial families at baseline in humans. d) Significant gut bacterial families identified by O-PLS modeling. e) Permutation tests for the goodness-of-fi…