Probing chemical freeze-out criteria in relativistic nuclear collisions with coarse grained transport simulations
We introduce a novel approach based on elastic and inelastic scattering rates to extract the hyper-surface of the chemical freeze-out from a hadronic transport model in the energy range from E$_\mathrm{lab}=1.23$ AGeV to $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=62.4$ GeV. For this study, the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model combined with a coarse-graining method is employed. The chemical freeze-out distribution is reconstructed from the pions through several decay and re-formation chains involving resonances and taking into account inelastic, pseudo-elastic and string excitation reactions. The extracted average temperature and baryon chemical potential are then compared to statistic…
A first estimate of $\eta/s$ in Au+Au reactions at E$_{\rm lab}=1.23$ $A$GeV
The HADES experiment at GSI has recently provided data on the flow coefficients $v_1,...,v_4$ for protons in Au+Au reactions at $E_{\rm lab} = 1.23$~$A$GeV (or $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=2.4$ GeV). This data allows to estimate the shear viscosity over entropy ratio, $\eta/s$ at low energies via a coarse graining analysis of the UrQMD transport simulations of the flow harmonics in comparison to the experimental data. By this we can provide for the first time an estimate of $\eta/s\approx0.65\pm0.15$ (or $(8\pm2)\,(4\pi)^{-1}$) at such low energies.